Advanced solid-state lasers 2019: Focus issue introduction

This joint issue of Optics Express and Optical Materials Express features 17 state-of-the art articles written by authors who participated in the international conference Advanced Solid-State Lasers held in Vienna, Austria, from September 29 to October 3, 2019. This introduction provides a summary of these articles that cover numerous areas of solid-state lasers from materials research to sources and from design to experimental demonstration

Focus issue introduction: Advanced solid-state lasers 2020

This Joint Issue of Optics Express and Optical Materials Express features 15 articles written by authors who participated in the international online conference Advanced Solid State Lasers held 13–16 October, 2020. This review provides a summary of the conference and these articles from the conference which sample the spectrum of solid state laser theory and experiment, from materials research to sources and from design innovation to applications

Negative responses of highland pines to anthropogenic activities in inland Spain: a palaeoecological perspective

Palaeoecological evidence indicates that highland pines were dominant in extensive areas of the mountains of Central and Northern Iberia during the first half of the Holocene. However, following several millennia of anthropogenic pressure, their natural ranges are now severely reduced. Although pines have been frequently viewed as first-stage successional species responding positively to human disturbance, some recent palaeobotanical work has proposed fire disturbance and human deforestation as the main drivers of this vegetation turnover. To assess the strength of the evidence for this hypothesis and to identify other possible explanations for this scenario, we review the available information on past vegetation change in the mountains of northern inland Iberia. We have chosen data from several sites that offer good chronological control, including palynological records with microscopic charcoal data and sites with plant macro- and megafossil occurrence. We conclude that although the available long-term data are still fragmentary and that new methods are needed for a better understanding of the ecological history of Iberia, fire events and human activities (probably modulated by climate) have triggered the pine demise at different locations and different temporal scales. In addition, all palaeoxylological, palynological and charcoal results obtained so far are fully compatible with a rapid human-induced ecological change that could have caused a range contraction of highland pines in western Iberia

Cr:Zns Laser-Pumped Subharmonic Gaas Optical Parametric Oscillator With The Spectrum Spanning 3.6-5.6 Μm

Using a subharmonic optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on orientation-patterned GaAs, we produced a broadband instantaneous output that spans 3.6-5.6 μm at 50-dB level (4.4-5.2 ìm at 3 dB level), has 110 mW of average power, and is suitable for producing wideband-frequency combs in the mid-infrared. The OPO was synchronously pumped by a compact Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond Cr:ZnS oscillator with the central wavelength 2.38 μm and pulse repetition frequency 175 MHz

Cr:Zns Laser-Pumped Subharmonic Gaas Opo With An Instantaneous Bandwidth 3.6-5.6 Μm

High-power (llOmW] mid-IR output suitable for ultra-broadband frequency comb generation was produced in a low-threshold (20mW] subharmonic GaAs optical parametric oscillator that was synchronously pumped (175MHz) by a compact 0.5-W femtosecond Cr:ZnS (2.38 μm) oscillator. © OSA 2015

Cr:Zns Laser-Pumped Subharmonic Gaas Opo With An Instantaneous Bandwidth 3.6-5.6 Μm

High-power (110mW) mid-IR output suitable for ultra-broadband frequency comb generation was produced in a low-threshold (20mW) subharmonic GaAs optical parametric oscillator that was synchronously pumped (175MHz) by a compact 0.5-W femtosecond Cr:ZnS (2.38μm) oscillator

Subharmonic Gaas Opo Pumped By A Cr:Zns Laser With An Instantaneous Bandwidth 3.6-5.6 Μm

High-power (110 mW) mid-IR output suitable for producing ultra-broadband frequency combs in the mid-infrared portion of the spectrum was produced in a subharmonic optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on orientation patterned GaAs. The OPO was synchronously pumped by a compact 0.5-W femtosecond Cr:ZnS oscillator with the central wavelength 2.38 μm at pulse repetition frequency 175 MHz