Simulation of the spectral characteristics of the photosensitive elements based on the polycrystalline lead sulfide

The results are presented of the simulation of th

Annealing effect on temperature stability and mechanical stress at the “CdxPb1−xS film – substrate” interface

The article establishes the upper temperature steadiness limit of СdxPb1-xS supersaturated solid solutions obtained by chemical bath deposition. СdxPb1-xS (x = 0.06; 0.122; 0.176) and (x = 0.02–0.05) films remained stable under the heating up to 405–410 and 450 K, respectively. SEM studies have shown that heating of СdxPb1-xS films (x = 0.02–0.05) to 620 K leads to the structure destruction. Internal mechanical compressive stresses at the "СdxPb1-xS film-substrate" interface was calculated in the range of 300–900 K for the first time ever, the highest values reached 2000–2750 kN/m2 for a number of the films compositions. In contrast to solid solutions, the expansion stresses up to 100 kN/m2 were derived for the CdS layer at 900 K. The obtained temperature steadiness boundaries and the mechanical stresses of СdxPb1-xS films must be taken into account in the development of photonic devices based on such materials

Thomson scattering diagnostics at the Globus M2 tokamak

The paper is devoted to the Thomson scattering (TS) diagnostics recently developed for the Globus-M2 spherical tokamak and prototyping the ITER divertor TS diagnostics. The distinctive features of the system are the use of spectrometers, acquisition system and lasers that meet the base requirements for ITER TS diagnostics. The paper describes the diagnostic system that allows precise measurements of TS signals, as well as the results of the first measurements of electron temperature and density in both central region of the plasma column and scrape-off layer. The system provides measurements of electron temperature $T_{e}$ in the range of 5 eV to 5 keV and density $n_{e}$ in the range of $5{\cdot}10^{17}{\div}3.25{\cdot}10^{20} m^{-3}$. The use of two ITER-grade probing lasers of different wavelengths (Nd:YAG 1064.5 nm and Nd:YLF 1047.3 nm) allows reliable measurement of $T_{e}$ in multi-colour mode, i.e., assuming that spectral calibration is unknown

ESOPHAGEAL STENTING FOR MALIGNANT STENOSIS (three-year outcomes)

OBJECTIVE of the study was to analyze the main problems and try to find the ways to improve the esophageal stenting for malignant stenosis with regard to our experience.METHODS AND MATERIALS. Palliative esophageal stenting for malignant dysphagia realized in 103 patients with observing all the patients till the fatal outcome.RESULTS. Early complications were observed in 9 patients (8.7 %) among which were: perforation of esophagus – 1 (0.97 %), minor bleeding – 2 (1.9 %), stent migration – 6 (5.8 %). Elimination of dysphagia as an immediate clinical effect was achieved in all of 103 patients (100 %) among all of early complications included. Delayed sequelae were found in 40 patients (38.8 %) among which were recurrent dysphagia because of tissue in-/overgrowth – 27 (26.2 %), stent migration – 2 (1.9 %), different kinds of esophageal fistulae – 5 (4.9 %), major bleeding – 6 (5.8 %). The most severe life-threatening complications developed at 109 days after stent placement. The mean survival rate was 131 days (from 12 till 546 days).CONCLUSION. Immediate clinical effect of stenting was achieved in 100 % of cases and delayed clinical effect was in 73.8 % of patients. Chemoradiotherapy conduces to increase the mean survival rate and, at the same time, to increase the most severe delayed life-threatening complications after esophageal stentin