Comparing the Effects of the Postural Restoration Exercises with and without Core Stability Exercises in Patients with Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain

Introduction: This study compares the effect of postural restoration (PR) exercises with and without core stability exercises on the pain, intensity, function, quality of life (QoL), and passive range of motion (PROM) at lumbo pelvic-femoral complex in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain. Materials and Methods: This was an interventional type of randomized clinical trial study. The participants were 45 female patients (48.1±6.11 years, 161.4±5.06 cm height, 65.08±6.9 kg weight, and 24.9±2.8 body mass index). They were randomly divided into three equal groups: Group 1=PR exercises and core exercises, group 2=PR exercises, and group 3=control group. Pain intensity, function, QoL, and PROM were measured with the visual analog scale, Oswestry disability index, short form-36 questionnaire, and goniometer. The analysis of covariance was used to compare the means in the study groups before and after the intervention. The intervention groups performed the exercises for six weeks. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the QoL, pain intensity, function, and PROM of left hip adduction in the group with PR exercises with and without core exercises and control (P=0.000). In the PR group with core exercises (P=0.001) and without core exercises (P=0.001), a significant increase was observed in the adduction of the left hip. There was no significant difference between the function (P=0.850), pain (P=0.120), QoL (P=0.328), and PROM (P=0.094) in the intervention groups. Conclusion: PR exercises with and without core stability are equally effective in reducing pain and improving function, QoL, and hip adduction range of motion in women with left anterior interior chain patterns

همه گیرشناسی آسیب های ورزشی بازیکنان تنیس مرد نخبه ایران: مطالعه گذشته نگر

Background and Objective: Tennis is one of the most popular sports in the world, which has its own unique types of injuries due to the unlimited time of competitions and the nature of this sport. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of tennis injuries in the elite men of the country retrospectively. Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive and retrospective study and elite male tennis players ranked in 1 to 300 countries were studied in this study. Athletes who reported injuries in the 2019 year were selected as research samples. The collected information was completed through the injury registration form by the athlete and with the help of the researcher. To analyze the data from SPSS software version 22 and use descriptive statistics, Chi-square (2X) to examine the differences in the levels of variables (3 levels and above) and the Prop test to examine the differences in the two-level variable at the level of Significance 0.05 was used. Results: The injury rate (195 injuries) per 1000 hours of training was 6.04. The results showed that the anatomical region of the elbow was the most injured (21%), the rupture/inflammation of the tendon (34.3%) was the most common type of injury and among these 117 cases (60.3%) the injury was related to Overuse. The most common mechanism of injury was forehand motion (20.9%) and most of the severity of injuries was moderate (22.3%). Also, the highest rate of injury occurred in the end area (71%) and during training (63%) while working with the ball (78.8%). Conclusion: According to the findings, which indicate the high prevalence of injury in tennis, the medical staff of teams, coaches, and athletes are advised to take the necessary measures to prevent them, taking into account the potential risk factors associated with the occurrence of injury.                  How to cite this article: Nafar A, Minoonejad H, Alizadeh MH, Mansori MH, Samadi H. Epidemiology of Sports Injuries of Iran’s Elite Male Tennis Players. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2021;9(4):295-303.  سابقه و هدف: تنیس یکی از محبوب‌ترین ورزش‌ها در جهان است که به دلیل نامحدود بودن زمان مسابقات و ماهیت این رشته ورزشی دارای انواع آسیب‌های منحصر به خود است. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی همه‌گير‌شناسي آسيب‌های ورزشی بازیکنان تنیس مرد نخبه کشور به‌صورت گذشته نگر بود. روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر توصیفی و از نوع مطالعات گذشته نگر بود و مردان نخبه تنیسور رتبه 1 تا 300 کشوری در این مطالعه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند که از بین آن‌ها ورزشکارانی را که در سال 1398 آسیبی را گزارش کرده بودند، به عنوان نمونه‌های پژوهش در نظر گرفته شدند. اطلاعات مربوط به این تحقيق از طریق فرم ثبت آسيب بوسيله ورزشكار و به کمک محقق تكميل شد. برای تجزیه و تحليل داده‌ها از نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 22 و با استفاده از آمار توصیفی، آزمون خيدو (X2) برای بررسی تفاوت در سطوح متغیرها (3 سطحی و بالاتر) و آزمون نسبت برای بررسی تفاوت در متغیر دو سطحی در سطح معني‌داری 0.05 استفاده شد. نتایج: نرخ بروز آسیب (195 آسیب) در 1000 ساعت تمرین 6.04 بود. نتایج نشان داد ناحیه آناتومیکی آرنج بیشترین آسیب (21%)، پارگی/ التهاب تاندون (34.3%) بیشترین نوع آسیب و از این بین 117 مورد (60.3%) آسیب مربوط به پرکاری بود. شایع‌ترین مکانیسم آسیب حرکت فورهند (20.9%) و بیشتر شدت آسیب‌ها از نوع متوسط (22.3%) بودند. همچنین بیشترین میزان آسیب در ناحیه انتهایی زمین (71%) و در زمان تمرین (63%) به هنگام کار با توپ (78.8%) رخ داد. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به یافته‌ها که بیان‌کننده شیوع بالای آسیب در تنیس است، به کادر پزشکی تیم‌ها، مربیان، و ورزشکاران توصیه می‌شود تا با در نظر گرفتن عوامل خطرزای بالقوه‌ مرتبط با بروز آسیب‌ اقدامات لازم را جهت پیشگیری از آن‌ها انجام دهند. How to cite this article: Nafar A, Minoonejad H, Alizadeh MH, Mansori MH, Samadi H. Epidemiology of Sports Injuries of Iran’s Elite Male Tennis Players. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2021;9(4):295-303

Comparison of Landing Kinematics of Athletes male with Flat and Natural Foot by Using Landing Error Scoring System and Tuck Jump

سابقه و اهداف: امروزه دانستن تغییرات کینماتیک زوایای مفاصل اندام تحتانی در تکالیف پرش ـ فرود، می‌تواند اطلاعات مفیدی برای پیشگیری از بروز آسیب‌های اندام تحتانی در افراد دارای کف‌پای صاف فراهم آورد. لذا هدف تحقیق حاضر، بررسی کینماتیک فرود ورزشکاران دارای کف‌پای صاف و طبیعی با استفاده از سیستم امتیازدهی خطای فرود بود. روش‌ بررسی: تحقیق حاضر از نوع علمی مقایسه ای بود. در پژوهش حاضر ۲۶ مرد ورزشکار دارای کف پای صاف و ۲۶ مرد ورزشکار دارای قوس طبیعی پا شرکت کردند. میزان قوس کف پا از طریق شاخص استاهلی اندازه‌گیری شد. براساس این شاخص مقادیر 0/89 > SI> 0/53 به عنوان کف پای طبیعی و  SI> 0/89 به عنوان کف پای صاف بررسی و ارزیابی کمی شد. داده‌های کینماتیکی با استفاده از دوربین‌های ثبت حرکتی ثبت شد. آزمون‌ مورد استفاده در تحقیق حاضر سیستم امتیازدهی خطای فرود(LESS) بود. جهت بررسی تفاوت میانگین در متغیرهای وابسته بین دو گروه سالم و مبتلا به ناهنجاری کف‌پای صاف از آزمون t تست مستقل و برای بررسی نرمال بودن توزیع متغیرها با آزمون شاپیرو ویلک استفاده شد. تمامی بررسی‌های آماری به وسیله نرم افزار SPSS نسخه ۲۰ در فاصله اطمینان ۹۵ درصد با آلفای کوچکتر یا مساوی ۰/۰۵ انجام شد. نتایج: نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد بین گروه‌های پژوهش در آزمون پرش-فرود تفاوت معناداری وجود داشت به این صورت که گروه دارای کف‌پای صاف نمرات بیشتری (عملکرد ضعیف‌تری) را نسبت به گروه کف‌پای طبیعی نشان داد (p<0/05). نتیجه گیری: بر اساس نتایج حاصل از آزمون پرش-فرود می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که تغییر در وضعیت قوس پا و در نتیجه در راستای بدن، احتمالا زوایای مفاصل اندام تحتانی را طی فعالیت‌های روزانه و ورزشی تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهد که می‌تواند الگوی آسیب را تغییر دهد. How to cite this article: Abolfathi E, minoonejad H, Karimizadeh Ardakani M, mohamadkhani K. Comparison of Landing Kinematics of Athletes male with Flat and Natural Foot by Using Landing Error Scoring System and Tuck Jump. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2021;9(3):230-7.Background and Objectives: Nowadays, knowing the kinematic changes of lower limb joint angles in jump-landing tasks can provide useful information to prevent lower limb injuries in people with flat foot. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the kinematics of landing of athletes with flat and natural soles using landing error scoring system. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 26 male athletes with flat foot and 26 male athletes with normal arch of the foot participated. The arch of the foot was measured by using the staheli index. Based on this index, values of 0.89> SI > 0.53 as normal foot and SI > 0.89 as flatfoot were evaluated and quantified. Kinematic data were recorded using motion capture cameras. The test used in the present study was landing error scoring system. Independent t-test was used to evaluate the mean difference in dependent variables between the two groups of healthy and flat-footed anomalies and Shapiro-Wilk test was used to evaluate the normality of the distribution of variables. All statistical tests were performed by SPSS software version 20 at 95% confidence interval with P value less than or equal to 0.05. Results: The results of the present study showed that there is a significant difference between the research groups in the jump-landing test (LESS) in that the flat-bottomed group showed higher scores (poorer performance) than the normal arch of the foot group(P> 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of the jump-landing test (LESS), it can be concluded that changes in the position of the arch of the foot and therefore in the alignment of the body, probably affect the angles of the lower limb joints during daily activities and sports, which can change the pattern of damage.    How to cite this article: Abolfathi E, minoonejad H, Karimizadeh Ardakani M, mohamadkhani K. Comparison of Landing Kinematics of Athletes male with Flat and Natural Foot by Using Landing Error Scoring System and Tuck Jump. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2021;9(3):230-7. &nbsp

Investigating Knee Alignment and Foot Structure in Futsal Players with and without Hamstring Shortness

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate knee alignment and foot structure in futsal players with and without hamstring shortness. Methods: In this descriptive - comparative study, 30 men athlete (18- 25 years) were recruited. They were assigned into two groups of 15 subjects with and without hamstring shortness. The hamstring shortness, knee and foot alignment were respectively measured by the goniometer, the ruler and caliper. After checking the normality of the data, (with Shapiro-Wilk test) independent samples t-test, were used to analyze of data at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: The findings indicate that there is a significant difference between the navicular drop in both groups, with and without hamstring shortness with the difference being lower in athletes with hamstring shortness (P= 0.002); but there is not any significant difference between the distances between Femur Condylar in both groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that, navicular drop is not common among athletes with hamstring shortness