Studying the Virucidal and Biocidal Effects of Electrochemically Activited Anolyte and Catholyte Types of Water on Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSF) and Bactrerium E. coli DH5

This article outlines the results on the antimicrobial action of electrochemically activated water solutions (anolyte/catholyte). The two types of water solutions are produced in the anode and cathode chamber of the electrolitic cell, respectively. Under laboratory conditions a strain of E. coli DH5, as well as the cell culture and organ suspensions of сlassical swine fever virus (CSF) were treated with the anolyte and the catholyte. By inoculating them with cell cultures the viral presence (the presence of viral antigen) was measured using the immunoperoxidase technique. It was found that anolyte did not affect the growth of the cell culture PK-15; the viral growth in the infection of a cell monolayer with a cell culture CSF virus was affected in the greatest degree by the anolyte in 1:1 dilution and less by other dilutions; whereas the viral growth at the infection of a cell suspension with the cell culture of the CSF virus was affected by the anolyte in dilution 1:1 in the greatest degree, and less by other dilutions; whereas the viral growth at the infection with the CSF in suspension of the cell monolayer was affected by the anolyte in all applied dilutions. Unexpectedly, the stronger biocidal effect of the catholyte was observed when a strain of E. coli DH5 was treated by anolyte and catholyte, respectively. In order to provide additional data about the antiviral activity of the catholyte and the anolyte, and the distribution of H2O molecules according to the energies of hydrogen bonds, the non-equilibrium energy spectrum (NES) and diferential non-equilibrium energy spectrum (DNES) of anolyte and catholyte were measured. Keywords: anolyte, catholyte, cell culture, CSF virus, disinfection, NES, DNES

Preparation of Electrochemically Activated Water Solutions (Catholyte/Anolyte) and Studying Their Physical-Chemical Properties

The electrochemical treatment of water by the electric current is a promising modern approach in the water disinfection technique, resulting in obtaining the electrochemically activated water solutions (catholyte/anolyte) carrying new physical-chemical properties stipulated by changing of the electrochemical characteristics of water as ORP, Eh, pH. The electrochemically activated water solutions – the catholyte and anolyte can be used in medicine for treatment of various bacterial and viral diseases and in disinfection of water. The process of electrochemical water treatment includes several electrochemical processes associated with the transfer in a constant electric field the electrons, ions and other charged particles (electrolysis, electrophoresis, electroflotation, electrocoagulation), the main of which is the electrolysis of water. This article deals with the review of basic physical-chemical processes underlying the electrolysis of water and preparation of electrochemically activated water solutions (catholyte/anolyte) and studying their physical-chemical properties. The virucidal action of the anolyte and catolyte was studied on cell culture and suspensions of classical swine fever (CSF) virus. Keywords: electrochemical treatment of water, anolyte, catholyte, electrolysis, classical swine fever (CSF) virus

Preparation of Electrochemically Activated Water Solutions (Catholyte/Anolyte) and Studying Their Physical-Chemical Properties

The electrochemical treatment of water by the electric current is a promising modern approach in the water disinfection technique, resulting in obtaining the electrochemically activated water solutions (catholyte/anolyte) carrying new physical-chemical properties stipulated by changing of the electrochemical characteristics of water as ORP, Eh, pH. The electrochemically activated water solutions – the catholyte and anolyte can be used in medicine for treatment of various bacterial and viral diseases and in disinfection of water. The process of electrochemical water treatment includes several electrochemical processes associated with the transfer in a constant electric field the electrons, ions and other charged particles (electrolysis, electrophoresis, electroflotation, electrocoagulation), the main of which is the electrolysis of water. This article deals with the review of basic physical-chemical processes underlying the electrolysis of water and preparation of electrochemically activated water solutions (catholyte/anolyte) and studying their physical-chemical properties. The virucidal action of the anolyte and catolyte was studied on cell culture and suspensions of classical swine fever (CSF) virus. Key words: electrochemical treatment of water, anolyte, catholyte, electrolysis, classical swine fever (CSF) virus

Preparation of Electrochemically Activated Water Solutions (Catholyte/Anolyte) and Studying Their Physical-Chemical Properties

The electrochemical treatment of water by the electric current is a promising modern approach in the water disinfection technique, resulting in obtaining the electrochemically activated water solutions (catholyte/anolyte) carrying new physical-chemical properties stipulated by changing of the electrochemical characteristics of water as ORP, Eh, pH. The electrochemically activated water solutions – the catholyte and anolyte can be used in medicine for treatment of various bacterial and viral diseases and in disinfection of water. The process of electrochemical water treatment includes several electrochemical processes associated with the transfer in a constant electric field the electrons, ions and other charged particles (electrolysis, electrophoresis, electroflotation, electrocoagulation), the main of which is the electrolysis of water. This article deals with the review of basic physical-chemical processes underlying the electrolysis of water and preparation of electrochemically activated water solutions (catholyte/anolyte) and studying their physical-chemical properties. The virucidal action of the anolyte and catolyte was studied on cell culture and suspensions of classical swine fever (CSF) virus. Key words: electrochemical treatment of water, anolyte, catholyte, electrolysis, classical swine fever (CSF) virus

Biocidal Effects of the Electrochemically Activated Water

This article outlines the results on the antimicrobial action of electrochemically activated water solutions (anolyte/catholyte), produced in the anode and cathode chamber of the electrolitic cell. Under laboratory conditions the cell culture and suspensions of classical swine fever (CSF) virus were treated with the anolyte. After inoculating them with cell cultures, the viral presence (the presence of viral antigen) was measured using the immunoperoxidase technique. It was found that anolyte did not affect the growth of the cell culture PK-15; viral growth during the infection of a cell monolayer with a cell culture virus was affected in the greatest degree by the anolyte in 1:1 dilution and less in other dilutions; whereas the viral growth at the infection of a cell suspension with cell culture virus was affected by the anolyte in dilution 1:1 in the greatest degree, and less by other dilutions; viral growth at the infection with a virus in suspension of the cell monolayer was affected by the anolyte in all dilutions. Unexpectedly, the stronger biocidal effect of the catholyte was observed when a strain of E. coli DH5 was treated by the anolyte and catholyte, respectively. In order to provide additional data about the antiviral activity of the electrochemically activated water and the distribution of H2O molecules according to the energies of hydrogen bonds, the non-equilibrium energy spectrum (NES) and differential non-equilibrium energy spectrum (DNES) of the anolyte and catholyte were measured.   Keywords: anolyte, catholyte, E. coli DH5, CSF virus, NES, DNE

Electrochemically Activited Water. Biophysical and Biological Effects of Anolyte and Catholyte as Types of Water

Results of antimicrobial action of electrochemically activated water (anolyte/catholyte) are provided. The two types of water are produced in the anode and cathode chamber of an electrolitic cell, respectively. Under laboratory conditions cell culture and organ suspensions of Classical swine fever virus were treated with anolyte. By inoculating them with cell cultures quality viral presence (presence of viral antigen) was reported using the immunoperoxidase technique. It was found that: anolyte did not affect the growth of the cell culture PK-15; viral growth in the infection of a cell monolayer with a cell culture virus was affected in the greatest degree by anolyte in 1:1 dilution and less by the other dilutions; viral growth in the infection of a cell suspension with cell culture virus was affected by anolyte in dilution 1:1 in the greatest degree, and less by the other dilutions; viral growth in the infection with a virus in organ suspension of a cell monolayer was affected by the anolyte in all dilutions applied. Unexpectedly, stronger biocidal effect of the catholyte was obsrved when E. coli DH5a strain was treated by anolyte and catholyte, respectively. In order to provide additional information about the antiviral activity of the electrochemically activated water, and about the distribution of water molecules according to the energies of the hydrogen bonds, the non-equilibrium energy spectrum (NES) and diferential non-equilibrium energy spectrum (DNES) of anolyte and catholyte is evaluated.   Keywords: anolyte, cell culture, CSF virus, disinfection, hydrogen bond, water, structure, clusters, NES, DNE

Studying the Virucidal and Biocidal Effects of Electrochemically Activited Anolyte and Catholyte Types of Water on Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSF) and Bactrerium E. coli DH5

Abstract This article outlines the results on the antimicrobial action of electrochemically activated water solutions (anolyte/catholyte). The two types of water solutions are produced in the anode and cathode chamber of the electrolitic cell, respectively. Under laboratory conditions a strain of E. coli DH5, as well as the cell culture and organ suspensions of сlassical swine fever virus (CSF) were treated with the anolyte and the catholyte. By inoculating them with cell cultures the viral presence (the presence of viral antigen) was measured using the immunoperoxidase technique. It was found that anolyte did not affect the growth of the cell culture PK-15; the viral growth in the infection of a cell monolayer with a cell culture CSF virus was affected in the greatest degree by the anolyte in 1:1 dilution and less by other dilutions; whereas the viral growth at the infection of a cell suspension with the cell culture of the CSF virus was affected by the anolyte in dilution 1:1 in the greatest degree, and less by other dilutions; whereas the viral growth at the infection with the CSF in suspension of the cell monolayer was affected by the anolyte in all applied Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics ISSN 2422-8427 An International Peer-reviewed Journal Vol. 13 2015 2 dilutions. Unexpectedly, the stronger biocidal effect of the catholyte was observed when a strain of E. coli DH5 was treated by anolyte and catholyte, respectively. In order to provide additional data about the antiviral activity of the catholyte and the anolyte, and the distribution of H 2 O molecules according to the energies of hydrogen bonds, the non-equilibrium energy spectrum (NES) and diferential non-equilibrium energy spectrum (DNES) of anolyte and catholyte were measured

Ensimmäistä kertaa masennuksen vuoksi psykiatrisessa avo-osastohoidossa olevien potilaiden kokemuksia peloista ja niistä selviytymisestä

Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on kuvata ensimmäistä kertaa masennuksen vuoksi psykiatrisessa avo-osastohoidossa olevien potilaiden kokemuksia peloista ja niistä selviytymisestä. Aineiston keruu tapahtui teemahaastattelemalla 12 psykiatrista potilasta ennen heidän kotiutumistaan. Haastattelun teema-alueet nousivat aiemmista tutkimuksista. Haastatteluja tehtäessä osastohoitoajat vaihtelivat kolmesta päivästä viiteen viikkoon. Aineisto analysoitiin induktiivisesti etenevällä sisällön analyysillä. Haastateltavien osastohoitoon tulosyynä oli masennus ja/tai itsemurhayritys ja/tai vakavia itsemurha-ajatuksia. Haastateltavien kokemukset psykiatrisesta hoidosta olivat pääosin myönteisiä. Tulosten mukaan pelot ilmenivät epävarmuutena ja epätietoisuutena osastolle tultaessa. Lääkitykseen suhtauduttiin pelolla ja lisäksi koettiin arvostelun ja kohtaamisen pelkoja. Myös tietämättömyys tulevaisuudesta pelotti. Peloista selviydyttiin osastohoidon avulla sekä perheen, ystävien ja hoidollisten keskustelujen tuella. Lisäksi lääkkeet ja masennus sekä toiminta vähensivät pelkoja. Usein pelkojen kohteet ja selviytymiskeinot kietoutuivat yhteen niin, että samat asiat pelottivat ja olivat selviytymiskeinoina. Esimerkiksi osastohoito, lääkitys, hoitoneuvottelut, keskustelut ja tulevaisuus esiintyivät sekä pelon kohteina että selviytymiskeinoina. Tämä tutkimus tuottaa uutta tietoa hoitohenkilökunnan tarpeisiin. Psykiatristen potilaiden pelkoja ja niistä selviytymistä ei ole aiemmin tutkittu. Pelon tunnistaminen auttaa löytämään potilaalle sopivia selviytymiskeinoja. Eri tutkimusmenetelmin toteutettuna lisätutkimusta psykiatristen potilaiden peloista tarvitaan sekä perheen ja lähiomaisten että hoitohenkilökunnan näkökulmasta. Avainsanat: pelko, selviytyminen, psykiatrinen hoit

Assessment of the national emission reduction strategies effects for Bulgaria (2020–2029 and after 2030) on surface FPRM and CPRM concentrations

Bulgaria has developed national emission reduction strategies for the period from 2020 to 2029 and the years after 2030, in accordance with EU Directive 2016/2284. Our fundamental aim in this study is to assess the effects of the strategy on the PM near surface concentrations in Bulgaria. All the simulation was done by the modeling system U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Models-3 for 2008 to 2014 period and with 9 km horizontal grid resolution for the selected region – Bulgaria. The meteorological background that was used is with 1°x1° resolution from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Analysis Data. There are 5 emission scenarios structured: 2005 emissions (reference period), 2020–2029 emissions projected with existing measures (WEM) and with additional measures (WAM), projected after 2030 WEM and WAM emissions, as parallel calculations were performed with all of the scenarios. Making parallels between the concentrations, with different scenarios simulated, gives the possibility to evaluate the national emission reduction strategies’ effect