Industrial capability to chem-mill aluminum alloy 2219 in T-37 and T-87

Procedures and chemical baths were developed for chem-milling aluminum alloy 2219. Using a series of sample etchings, it was found that good etching results could be obtained by using 'white plastic for porcelain repair (toluol, xylol, and petroleum distillates)' on top of cellosolve acetate as resist coatings and ferric chloride as on etchant

Structure and mechanical properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings doped with silicon

This paper reports the study of silicon-doped diamond-like carbon coatings a-C:H:Si prepared by Plasma-Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition (PACVD) on 100Cr6 steel. Surface morphology and elemental composition were determined with the use of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) / Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Surface topography measurements were performed using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The scratch test assessment of the influence of a-C:H:Si coatings on mechanical properties was based on the measurements of nanohardness and adhesion to the substrate. The results show that silicon-doped diamond-like carbon coatings a-C:H:Si are characterized by a uniform surface structure, high hardness and good adhesion to the substrate

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings on roller bearing elements of belt conveyors

The aim of the study was to analyse the anti-wear diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings produced by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition. The DLC coatings were deposited on the rings of rolling bearings operating in belt conveyors. The service life of the bearings was 1,5 years. The bearings were exposed to harsh environmental conditions. After the disassembly of the bearings, the influence of the coatings on the improvement of tribosystem characteristics was assessed. Characterization of the bearing geometry was carried out using an optical surface profilometer. The use of diamond-like coatings on rolling bearings extended the tribosystem service life in industrial conditions threefold

Assessment of the properties of diamond-like carbon coatings (DLC) used in the lime industry

The aim of the study was to analyze the properties of diamond-like carbon coatings - DLC in machines operating in the lime industry. DLC coatings were deposited by the Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition PECVD method on 100Cr6 steel samples. Characterization of the geometric structure of samples was carried out on an optical profilometer. The friction junctions were tested in harsh conditions, i.e., corrosive environment and high temperature. The tribological tests were performed using a sliding ball-on-disc tribological tester. The static contact angle for selected lubricants was measured using an optical tensiometer. The summary presents the possibilities of using diamond-like coatings in selected friction junctions in the lime industry

Assessment of the properties of diamond-like carbon coatings (DLC) used in the lime industry

The aim of the study was to analyze the properties of diamond-like carbon coatings - DLC in machines operating in the lime industry. DLC coatings were deposited by the Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition PECVD method on 100Cr6 steel samples. Characterization of the geometric structure of samples was carried out on an optical profilometer. The friction junctions were tested in harsh conditions, i.e., corrosive environment and high temperature. The tribological tests were performed using a sliding ball-on-disc tribological tester. The static contact angle for selected lubricants was measured using an optical tensiometer. The summary presents the possibilities of using diamond-like coatings in selected friction junctions in the lime industry

A different perspective on exogamy: Are non-migrant partners in mixed unions more liberal in their attitudes toward gender, family, and religion than other natives?

Classic assimilation theory perceives migrant-native intermarriage as both a means to and a result of immigrants' integration processes into host societies. The literature is increasingly focusing on marital exogamy of immigrants, yet almost nothing is known about their native partners. This explorative study contributes to the literature on migrant integration and social cohesion in Europe by asking whether the native partners in exogamous unions have different attitudes toward gender equality, sexual liberalization, family solidarity, and religiosity/secularization than natives in endogamous unions. Our theoretical considerations are based on preference, social exchange, and modernization theories. We use data of the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) of seven countries. The sample size is 38,447 natives aged 18 to 85, of whom about 4% are in a mixed union. The regression results of the study are mixed. Persons in exogamous unions show greater agreement with family solidarity, are thus less individualistic than those in endogamous couples. Yet, mixing is associated with greater openness to sexual liberalization and gender equality as well as more secular attitudes. These findings can only partially be explained by socio-demographic control variables. Hence, immigrants in exogamous unions with natives may integrate into the more liberal milieu of their host societies, in which natives continue to place a high value on providing support to family members.Partnerschaften zwischen Zuwanderern und Angehörigen der Mehrheitsgesellschaft werden in der Assimilationstheorie als Ergebnis und Ausgangspunkt von Integrationsprozessen betrachtet. Während diese aber vorrangig auf Migranten und weniger auf Nicht-Migranten fokussiert, betrachtet unsere explorative Studie das Thema Integration in Europa mit Blick auf Nichtmigranten. Die Forschungsfrage ist, ob für diese die Unterstützung für Diversität und Exogamie in der Partnerwahl einhergeht mit Unterschieden in Einstellungen zu sexueller Liberalisierung, Geschlechtergleichstellung, familiärer Solidarität und Säkularisierung. Die theoretischen Überlegungen beziehen sich auf Präferenz-, Austausch- und Modernisierungstheorien. Genutzt werden Daten des Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) aus sieben Ländern mit 38,447 Nicht-Migranten im Alter von 18 bis 85, von denen etwa 4% in einer Partnerschaft mit einem Migranten sind. Die Ergebnisse der linearen Regressionen zeigen einerseits eine Verbindung zwischen Partnerschaften mit Migranten und einer stärkeren Betonung familiärer Solidarität, andererseits eine höhere Zustimmung zu Fragen der sexuellen Liberalisierung, Gleichstellung und Säkularisierung. Dies bedeutet, dass sich Migranten in exogamen Partnerschaften in liberalere Milieus der Aufnahmegesellschaft integrieren können, in denen gleichzeitig jedoch die Familie einen größeren Stellenwert hat

Tribological properties of diamond-like-carbon coating doped with tungsten

This paper presents the tribological properties of diamond-like-carbon coatings (DLC) doped with tungsten. The hardness of the DLC coating was determined using a micro-hardness tester. Friction tests were carried out on a tribometer in rotational motion in a 100Cr6 steel ball-disk association with a-C-H:W tungsten doped hydrogenated DLC coating. Tests were carried out with loads of 10 N, 25 N and 50 N under technically dry friction conditions. Using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the surface morphology was observed, and with a confocal microscope, the geometric structure of the surface was observed before and after the friction tests. The wetting angle of the samples was examined on an optical tensiometer for distilled water and diiodomethane. The results indicated that DLC coatings of the a-C:H:W type obtained by the PVD technique can be used in unlubricated high-load tribological systems

Tribological properties of diamond-like-carbon coating doped with tungsten

This paper presents the tribological properties of diamond-like-carbon coatings (DLC) doped with tungsten. The hardness of the DLC coating was determined using a micro-hardness tester. Friction tests were carried out on a tribometer in rotational motion in a 100Cr6 steel ball-disk association with a-C-H:W tungsten doped hydrogenated DLC coating. Tests were carried out with loads of 10 N, 25 N and 50 N under technically dry friction conditions. Using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the surface morphology was observed, and with a confocal microscope, the geometric structure of the surface was observed before and after the friction tests. The wetting angle of the samples was examined on an optical tensiometer for distilled water and diiodomethane. The results indicated that DLC coatings of the a-C:H:W type obtained by the PVD technique can be used in unlubricated high-load tribological systems

Properties of Near-Net Shape Metallic Components Made by the Directed Light Fabrication Process

Mechanical Engineerin