Становление медиаобразования в России (от Средневековья до современности)

In a situation when digitalization becomes a new paradigm of society’s activity and cyber-physical systems are the systems that will organize social and economic space (online and offline) in the near future, an increase in media literacy among the population becomes a very urgent necessity, for, as shown by public opinion, many people do not possess elementary skills of media security and do not have sufficient media knowledge to successfully interact with other people (or, alternatively, computer or bionic systems) in a virtual or real environment. The main purpose of the paper is to show the formation and development of media education in Russia from the 12th century to the 21st century (i. e., from the moment of appearance of the first reliable written sources and up to modern times). Based on the analysis of a wide historical context, the authors explore the functional areas and main media education tools that were used at various historical stages of media education development. In addition, the paper presents data on the state of media literacy of the population in the past and present and also argues that the middle and older generations (Generation Last) are more vulnerable in their interactions with the media than the younger generations (Generation Next). Therefore, as a practical solution to the goal of increasing the overall media literacy of the population, it is suggested to use inter-network collaboration (social networking collaboration), where Generation Next will transmit relevant knowledge to Generation Last and the social networking administration will support the exchange of knowledge using positive reinforcement (for example, by assigning special public statuses to active users).En una situación en la que la digitalización se está convirtiendo en un nuevo paradigma de la vida de la sociedad, y los sistemas ciberfísicos son sistemas que organizarán el espacio social y económico (en línea y fuera de línea) es probable que en el futuro cercano, aumentar la alfabetización mediática entre la población se convierta en una tarea muy urgente, porque, como muestran las rebanadas opinión pública, muchas personas no poseen habilidades elementales de seguridad de los medios y no tienen suficiente conocimiento de los medios para interactuar exitosamente con otras personas (ya sea computadora o sistemas biónicos) en un entorno virtual y real. El objetivo principal del artículo es mostrar la formación y el desarrollo de la educación en medios en Rusia desde el siglo XII hasta el siglo XXI (es decir, desde el momento en que las primeras fuentes escritas confiables aparecieron en la modernidad). Basado en el análisis de un amplio contexto histórico, se muestran las direcciones funcionales y las principales herramientas de educación en medios que se utilizaron en diversas etapas históricas de desarrollo. Además, el artículo presenta datos sobre el estado de la alfabetización mediática en el pasado y el presente, y también se demuestra que las generaciones medias y antiguas (última generación) son más vulnerables en el plan de medios que las generaciones más jóvenes (próxima generación). Por lo tanto, como una solución práctica al problema de aumentar la alfabetización mediática general de la población, se propuso utilizar una colaboración entre redes (colaboración de redes sociales), donde la próxima generación transmitirá conocimiento relevante para la última generación, y la administración de redes sociales apoyará el intercambio de conocimiento mediante el refuerzo positivo (por ejemplo, al asignarlo a usuarios activos estados públicos especiales).В условиях, когда диджитализация становится новой парадигмой жизнедеятельности общества, а киберфизические системы – это системы, которые будут организовывать социальное и экономическое пространство (онлайн и офлайн) уже вероятно в ближайшем будущем, увеличение медиаграмотности среди населения становится весьма актуальной задачей, поскольку, как показывают срезы общественного мнения, многие люди не владеют элементарными навыками медиабезопасности и не имеют достаточных медиазнаний, чтобы успешно взаимодействовать с другими людьми (либо компьютерными или бионическими системами) в виртуальной и реальной среде. Основная цель статьи – показать становление и развитие медиаобразования в России от XII века до XXI века (т.е. от момента появления первых достоверных письменных источников и до современности). На основе анализа широкого исторического контекста показаны функциональные направления и основные инструменты медиаобразования, которые использовалась на различных исторических этапах развития. Кроме этого в статье представлены данные о состоянии медиаграмотности населения в прошлом и настоящем, а также обосновано, что средние и старшие поколения (поколение Last) в большей степени уязвимы в медийном плане, нежели молодые поколения (поколение Next). Поэтому в качестве практического решения проблемы повышения общей медиаграмотности населения предложено использовать межсетевую коллаборацию (коллаборацию социальных сетей), где поколение Next будет транслировать актуальные знания для поколения Last, а администрация социальных сетей будет поддерживать обмен знаниями с использованием положительного подкрепления (например, путем присвоения активным пользователям специальных публичных статусов)

Инновационные Подходы к Энергоресурсосбережению и Применению Возобновляемых Источников Энергии с Целью Сокращения Издержек Агропромышленных Предприятий

This article is devoted to the relevant problem of development of innovative approaches to energy saving and the use of renewable energy sources in order to reduce the costs of agro-industrial enterprises. It is concluded that promising directions for achieving sustainable development of agro-industrial enterprises include minimizing costs, synergistic approach to the combination of natural and economic resources, maintaining balance among economic, ecological and social factors, innovative competitiveness, and long-term focus. On the basis of the materials described in the article, it is considered necessary to formulate the main conclusions:  • the efficiency of the activity of economic entities (including agro-industrial and agricultural producers) depends on the presence of innovative approaches to their management. At present, innovative technologies should be considered not only as a source of competitive advantages, but also as a tool to reduce costs in production, logistics, marketing, and other business processes;• renewable energy, which is based on modern high-tech technologies of the transformation of primary energy into energy sources, can become one of the key directions of costs optimization of agro-industrial and agricultural producers; this is confirmed by the practice and statistics obtained in the studies of the agro-industrial sector of the European Union, Asia, Eurasia, and Latin America;• for the Russian agro-industrial sector, the task of reducing costs is particularly acute, as the level of expenditures on energy supply is steadily increasing, which affects not only the profitability of business, but also its competitiveness. A sectoral energy model based on a combination of conventional and renewable energy sources has been developed to tackle this problem;the transition to renewable energy in the agro-industrial sector should be accompanied by energy audit and implementation of power management systems. This will determine the rational combination of energy resources used to ensure the normal functioning and sustainable developmentEste artículo está dedicado al problema relevante del desarrollo de enfoques innovadores para el ahorro de energía y el uso de fuentes de energía renovables con el fin de reducir los costos de las empresas agroindustriales. Se concluye que las direcciones prometedoras para lograr el desarrollo sostenible de las empresas agroindustriales incluyen minimizar los costos, un enfoque sinérgico de la combinación de recursos naturales y económicos, mantener el equilibrio entre los factores económicos, ecológicos y sociales, la competitividad innovadora y el enfoque a largo plazo. Sobre la base de los materiales descritos en el artículo, se considera necesario formular las principales conclusiones: • La eficiencia de la actividad de las entidades económicas (incluidos los productores agroindustriales y agrícolas) depende de la presencia de enfoques innovadores para su gestión. En la actualidad, las tecnologías innovadoras deben considerarse no solo como una fuente de ventajas competitivas, sino también como una herramienta para reducir los costos en producción, logística, mercadeo y otros procesos comerciales;• La energía renovable, que se basa en tecnologías modernas de alta tecnología para la transformación de la energía primaria en fuentes de energía, puede convertirse en una de las direcciones clave de la optimización de costos de los productores agroindustriales y agrícolas; Esto se confirma por la práctica y las estadísticas obtenidas en los estudios del sector agroindustrial de la Unión Europea, Asia, Eurasia y América Latina;• Para el sector agroindustrial ruso, la tarea de reducir costos es particularmente aguda, ya que el nivel de gastos en suministro de energía aumenta constantemente, lo que afecta no solo la rentabilidad de las empresas, sino también su competitividad. Se ha desarrollado un modelo de energía sectorial basado en una combinación de fuentes de energía convencionales y renovables para abordar este problema;La transición a la energía renovable en el sector agroindustrial debe ir acompañada de una auditoría energética y la implementación de sistemas de administración de energía. Esto determinará la combinación racional de los recursos energéticos utilizados para garantizar el funcionamiento normal y el desarrollo sostenible de los productores agroindustriales y agrícolas.Данная статья посвящена актуальной проблеме разработки инновационных подходов к энергоресурсосбережению и применению возобновляемых источников энергии с целью сокращения издержек агропромышленных предприятий. Сделан вывод, что перспективные направления достижения устойчивого развития агропромышленных предприятий включают в себя минимизацию издержек, синергический подход к сочетанию природных и экономических ресурсов, поддержание баланса между экономическими, экологическими и социальными факторами, инновационную конкурентоспособность и ориентированность на долгосрочную перспективу. На основании изложенных в статье материалов авторы считают необходимым сформулировать основные выводы:• эффективность деятельности хозяйствующих субъектов (в том числе агропромышленных и сельскохозяйственных производителей) зависит от наличия инновационных подходов к управлению ими. В настоящее время инновационные технологии следует считать не только источником получения конкурентных преимуществ, но и инструментом, позволяющим снизить уровень издержек в производственных, логистических, маркетинговых и прочих бизнес-процессах;• возобновляемая энергетика, которая основана на современных наукоемких технологиях преобразования первичной энергии в энергоресурсы, может стать одним из ключевых направлений оптимизации издержек агропромышленных и сельскохозяйственных производителей, это подтверждает практика и статистика, полученная в ходе исследований агропромышленного сектора стран Европейского Союза, Азии, Евразии, Латинской Америки;• для российского агропромышленного сектора задача снижения издержек стоит особенно остро, поскольку уровень расходов на энергоснабжение неуклонно возрастает, что влияет не только на доходность бизнеса, но и на его конкурентоспособность. Для решения этой проблемы разработана отраслевая энергетическая модель, основанная на сочетании традиционных и возобновляемых источников энергии;• переход на возобновляемую энергетику в агропромышленном секторе должен сопровождаться энергетическим аудитом и внедрением систем энергоменеджмента. Это позволит определить рациональное сочетание энергоносителей, используемых для обеспечения нормального функционирования и устойчивого развития агропромышленных и сельскохозяйственных производителей

Russia's integration in the world economy and its economic security

The article considers the problems of Russia's integration into the world economy and its economic security. The purpose of the system of ensuring the economic security of Russia is to achieve the basic conditions for the development of the national economy aimed at: • satisfaction of social and economic needs of society; • increasing the level of economic security; • progressive development of the national economic system; • a stable position in the world economy; • reliable protection of the national economy from internal and external threats. The article contains solutions to the problems of Russia's integration into the world economy, presents the essence and tasks of integration, determines the share of Russia in the modern world economy, considers the problems of Russia's positioning in the modern world. In the article, modern theories of market economy, development and regulation, the methods of structural-functional analysis and systemic approach, the grouping method, the graphical and tabular methods have been used in the methodological aspect of the research.peer-reviewe

BRICS Message From South Africa

The paper features the data obtained from the analysis of a video strip with the help of ELAN 5.4, the free software developed by the experts from Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, the Language Archive, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. The software enables to annotate video and audio strips, describing pauses, the duration of utterances, gestures, pronunciation and other linguistic and extralinguistic factors. The speaker in the video – South African President Cyril Ramaphosa – delivers his official address to the leaders of the 10th BRICS leadership summit in Sandton, Johannesburg on July 26, 2018. BRICS is a powerful link of a global financial architecture. Its main targets are to mobilize resources for sustainable development projects of BRICS and to facilitate the global growth of multilateral and regional financial, educational and industrial institutions. The material and the speaker for the analysis belong to the domain of BRICS top level politics. South Africa was the main host of the leadership summit in 2018. South African President Cyril Ramaphosa in his speech stressed the significance of the fourth industrial revolution highlighted by Professor Klaus Schawb at the World Economic Forum in Davos in 2016. The notion of the revolution appeared in the South African leader's address 7 times. Nevertheless, the authors of the paper see more messages hidden between the lines of the South African President's address. In the paper it is argued that BRICS architecture has a right to be interpreted as an attempt of keeping the world away from further plunging into environmental degradation, the development of critical thinking and innovation among BRICS citizens. The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the method of pauses analysis to reveal a more complex mixture of speakers' visions. Long pauses are meaningful and extremely informative for discourse analysis. The data may be relevant for discourse analysis experts, political journalists, educators and copywriters

The deming cycle (PDCA) concept as a tool for the transition to the innovative path of the continuous quality improvement in production processes of the agro-industrial sector

The agricultural production and agro-industrial sector are two major industries, the performance of which has an impact on the living standard of the population in different countries. The high quality of production in the agro-industrial sector determines both the availability of food for the population and the food security of the country. Taking into account that the most developed countries and countries with the transitive economy have already overcome the problem of food deficiency, and that still this problem exists in developing countries, this article suggests using a traditional tool for the quality management (Deming Cycle or PDCA), complemented by a strategically oriented approach. The main findings of the article are as follows: Firstly, the problem of food sufficiency is solved in the global economy in a different way; the majority of population in developing countries does not have access to good quality food. This has a negative impact on their vital activities, as well as on the overall socio-economic development of such countries; Secondly, the use of complicated management tools for steadily improvement of the production quality in the agro-industrial sector of developing countries is not always feasible from scientific and practical points of view. The complication of the tools does not involve the solution of the problem; Thirdly, a traditional quality management tool, known as the Deming Cycle or PDCA, has a significant potential for use even now. This article provides a strategic approach to the use of the Deming Cycle (PDCA) to solve the problem of deficiency and low availability of good quality food supplies in developing countries.peer-reviewe

Economic profit as indicator of food retailing enterprises’ performance

Saturation of developed markets opens opportunities for food retailers to enter emerging markets. Due to this, there is active expansion of the largest network retailers of international level in emerging markets. Like in many emerging markets, modern formats of trade have been developed in Russia, such as supermarkets and hypermarkets. The major purpose of this article is to substantiate the practical value of the EVA concept in assessing the performance of food retailing enterprises. Quantitative methods of analysis of industry sectors and enterprises are applied to identify the trends in development of the Russian FMCG (Fast-moving consumer goods) retail market. Scientific value of the work lies in the development of the method for assessing the economic EVA profit, which was applied in practical assessment of performance of food retailing enterprises. The results obtained during the study revealed that only three of the five companies under study use the owners’ invested funds efficiently. The other two large FMCG retailers use investment capital inefficiently, which has led to a drop in the market value of the enterprises. Practice of international companies that apply such an indicator as EVA to assess their performance indicates the expediency of its calculation in the assessment of the investment of network retailers in expanding the commodity-producing infrastructure in emerging markets.peer-reviewe

Создание виртуального образа: цифровые технологии 21 века

The article considers social networks as a tool for creating a virtual image. The authors studied the issue of the development of social networks as markers of the information society. The article also presents the issues of self-presentation of a person in social networks.Results. The study has revealed that in modern society, information occupies a central place and its role, as well as of the means of its processing, transmission, and accumulation, has increased immeasurably. Today, the means of computer and information technology largely determine the scientific-technical potential of the country, the level of development of its national economy, lifestyle and human activities.Conclusion. Methods of communication of modern people are increasingly different from those that were previously used. Today, every second person is a user of the world wide web – the Internet. Communication on the Internet generally occurs through various resources: communication programs, email, forums, and social networks. However, communication on the Internet is impossible without the formation and development of the identities of the individuals participating in it.El artículo analiza las redes sociales como una herramienta para crear una imagen virtual. Los autores estudiaron el tema del desarrollo de las redes sociales como marcadores de la sociedad de la información. El artículo también presenta temas de auto-presentación de una persona en las redes sociales. Los resultados. El estudio reveló que en la sociedad moderna, la información ocupa un lugar central, y su papel, así como los medios de procesamiento, transmisión y acumulación, han aumentado de manera inconmensurable. Los medios de la informática y la tecnología informática ahora determinan en gran medida el potencial científico y técnico del país, el nivel de desarrollo de su economía nacional, el estilo de vida y las actividades humanas.Conclusiones. Los métodos de comunicación de la gente moderna son cada vez más diferentes de los que existían anteriormente. Hoy, cada segunda persona es un usuario de la red mundial: Internet. La comunicación en Internet, por regla general, se produce a través de varios recursos: programas para comunicar correo electrónico, foros y redes sociales. Pero la comunicación en Internet es imposible sin la formación y el desarrollo de las identidades de los individuos que participan en él.В статье рассмотрены социальные сети как инструмент создания виртуального образа. Авторами изучен вопрос развития социальных сетей как маркеров информационного общества. Также в статье изложены вопросы самопрезентация человека в социальных сетях. Результаты. В ходе исследования выявлено, что в современном обществе информация занимает центральное место, и ее роль, а также средства обработки, передачи и накопления неизмеримо возросла. Средства информатики и вычислительной техники сейчас во многом определяют научно-технический потенциал страны, уровень развития ее народного хозяйства, образ жизни и деятельности человека.Выводы. Способы коммуникации современных людей все сильнее отличаются от тех, что были ранее. Сегодня каждый второй человек является пользователем всемирной паутины - сети Интернет. Общение в сети Интернет, как правило, происходит, через различные ресурсы: программы для общения электронную почту, форумы, социальные сети. Но коммуникация в интернете невозможна без формирования и развития идентичностей участвующих в ней индивидов

Renewable energy sources as an instrument to support the competitiveness of agro-industrial enterprises and reduce their costs

The intensive development of the Russian agro-industrial complex is accompanied by high energy consumption, which ultimately may result in environmental pollution and ecological imbalance. The dependence of the agricultural production on organic fuels (i.e. traditional hydrocarbon energy sources) may limit the ability of this sector to meet the demand for agricultural products and ensure the food security of the country. Moreover, the high dependence of the agricultural production on traditional energy sources affects the business profitability and competitiveness. Based on the materials outlined in this article, the authors come to the following main conclusions: i) the adoption of innovative energy saving models is required for the reliable energy supply and improvement of the efficiency of agricultural production. Moreover, the damage to the environment caused by the utilization of fossil fuels can be mitigated by using renewable energy sources; ii) Russia has the climatic conditions required for the use of solar energy, small hydropower, and wind energy. At the same time, in the part of ensuring the energy needs of agro-industrial and agricultural production in Russia, traditional hydrocarbon energy sources are mainly used. Keywords: agriculture, energy supply, renewable energy, hydrocarbon energy, costs, competitiveness, food security. JEL Classifications: Q10, Q40, Q4

Problems and Perspectives of BRICS Countries Transfer to “Green Economy” and Law-carbon Energy Industry

This article states basics of the “green economy” concept and the role of transferring from industrial to ecologically responsible development of renewable power sources. The main aim of this article is to determine principle regularities that stipulate and restrict abilities of the BRICS countries to use the renewable energy sector in order to replace high-carbon consumption in economic and social sector. Basic conclusions of this work are the following: 1) The aggregate of economic, social, ecological, and energetic problems faced by the modern civilization are directly interrelated. That is why in order to preserve the environment and natural resources for future generations, it is necessary to refuse from resources of unsustainable and high-carbon areas of development. 2) The concept of green economy lies in the fact that needs of the humankind must be rationalized, above all, in the power context, through ensuring a reasonable refusal from using economically destructive carbons by replacing them with renewable power sources. 3) A lot of European countries made the power breakthrough simultaneously developing traditional and renewable energetic. However, it is impossible to make the same conclusion in relation to the BRICS countries. In the BRICS coalition only one country – China - can be acknowledged as a leader in using the renewable energy sector. However, at the same time this country is an “anti-leader” in polluting the environment. 4) At the present time economy of the BRICS countries cannot be yet acknowledged as green. However, along with this, India, China, RSA, Russia, and Brazil have a considerable natural, climatic, and geographical potential for efficient use of benefits of the renewable energy sector. In the future it will allow them to transfer from the industrial and unsustainable vector of development to ecologically responsible development. Keywords: green economy, low-carbon economy, renewable energy sector, BRICS, European Union, power resources, stable development JEL Classifications: Q57, Q2

International practices to improve economic security

The article analyzes international practices in ensuring economic security, considering the experiences of the European Union and the United States in this area, as well as suggests recommendations for improving economic security in Russia.peer-reviewe