La dimensión democrática de la nueva gestión pública

El eje temático de este nuevo número de la revista GAPP ha estado injustamente marginado de los apasionados debates que ha suscitado la modernización de la administración pública. La atracción que ha ejercido la gestión empresarial, las modas privatizadoras y desreguladoras o, más genéricamente, el desprestigio del gobierno y de la cosa pública contribuyen a explicar por qué, durante la última década, la dimensión democrática de la administración pública ha aparecido únicamente en algunas eruditas notas a pie de página. Esta marginación, sin embargo, no ha conseguido reducir la importancia del tema. Ha conseguido, en cambio, distorsionar peligrosamente el discurso de la modernización administrativa

Additional file 4: of Ecological divergence and conservatism: spatiotemporal patterns of niche evolution in a genus of livebearing fishes (Poeciliidae: Xiphophorus)

Relative disparity plots for all twelve environmental variables. The dashed line indicates disparity under an Brownian model of unconstrained evolution. The solid line shows observed disparity. Values below the unconstrained model are indicative of accumulation of disparity (conservatism) within more inclusive clades (divergence among major clades). Positive values indicate increasing disparity (divergence) within sub-clades. (PDF 69 kb

Differences in adult 3D:4D with respect to sex and morph.

<p>Data shown represent LSmeans (±1 s.e.) full-factorial model including sex and bib as factors, and the SVL as covariate (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0016225#s2" target="_blank">methods</a> for details). Sample sizes are given at the basis of the bars for each category.</p

Differences in hatchling 3D:4D with respect to egg treatment and right/left foot.

<p>Data shown represent LSmeans (±1 s.e.), standardized by measurer identity (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0016225#s2" target="_blank">methods</a> for details), from a full-factorial model including treatment as fixed factor and the identity of the mother as random factor. SVL and oviposition date were initially included as covariates in the model, but then sequentially removed as they were not significant (p>0.19).</p

Effects of sex and bib on 3D:4D in painted dragon lizards.

<p>Effects of sex and bib on 3D:4D in painted dragon lizards.</p

Differences in adult 3D:4D with respect to head color (males only).

<p>Data shown represent LSmeans (±1 s.e.) from a full-factorial model including head color morph as factor, and SVL as covariate (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0016225#s2" target="_blank">methods</a> for details). Sample sizes are given at the basis of the bars for each category.</p

Appendix A. Estimations of source contributions from MixSIR model for Poecilla mexicana from the sulfidic cave, sulfidic surface stream, non-sulfidic cave, and non-sulfidic surface stream.

Estimations of source contributions from MixSIR model for Poecilla mexicana from the sulfidic cave, sulfidic surface stream, non-sulfidic cave, and non-sulfidic surface stream

Population differences in body size, mass-adjusted routine metabolic rates, and total organismal energy demands.

<p>Variation in (a) body size, (b) mass-adjusted routine metabolic rate, and (c) total routine metabolic rate. Depicted are estimated marginal means (EMM ± standard error) based on analytical models presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0186935#pone.0186935.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>. Populations are organized by river drainage; blue symbols represent non-sulphidic populations, yellow symbols sulphidic ones. Mean values of covariates used for the calculation of EMM of mass-adjusted routine metabolic rate were as follows: mass = 0.83 g; temperature = 25.1°C. (d) Differences in mass-adjusted routine metabolic rate between wild-caught (circles) and laboratory-reared (squares) fish from a subset of populations. Mean values of covariates used for the calculation of EMM were as follows: mass = 0.72 g; temperature = 24.2°C.</p

Results of general linear models analysing variation in body size and metabolic rates.

<p>(a) Comparison of body mass among populations. (b) Comparison of routine metabolic rates in wild-caught individuals. (c) Comparison of simulated total metabolic rates. (d) Comparison of routine metabolic rates in wild-caught and common-garden raised individuals for a subset of populations. Note that the effect size for each of the terms in a model was estimated by use of partial eta squared (<i>η</i>_p²). Relative variance was calculated as the partial eta squared for a particular term divided by the maximum partial eta squared in the model.</p

Map of the study region.

<p>Depicted are the localities of focal sulphidic (yellow arrows) and non-sulphidic study sites (blue arrows) across four river drainages in southern Mexico. Numbers correspond to sites as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0186935#pone.0186935.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>. Note that the locations of major towns (shaded areas) and roads (black lines) have been added for orientation. The insert indicates the location of the study area within Mexico.</p