Appearance potential measurements.

Two techniques for the measurement of appearance potentials on an A.E.I. M.S.9 Mass Spectrometer have been developed. The first was similar to that described by Galegos and Klaver and was used in the measurement of the molecular ionisation potentials of some 1,5 cyclo- octadiene rhodium halogen complexes, (CODRhX)2, and the appearance potential of 1,5 cyclooctadiene from these compounds. The second technique utilized magnetic scanning in an attempt to obtain results of greater accuracy than those obtained using the first technique which involved scanning the ion accelerating voltage. The second technique also included recording of the data directly on to paper tape facilitating the treatment of the data using computers. Using this technique appearance potentials were measured from organosilicon compounds enabling Si - X (where X = Si, C, H, O, C1) bond dissociation energies and standard heats of formation to be calculated

Characteristics of responders and non-responders to a 12 year follow up survey.

<p>Characteristics of responders and non-responders to a 12 year follow up survey.</p

Spontaneously Formed Interfacial Metal Silicates and Their Effect on the Magnetism of Superparamagnetic FeCo/SiO₂ Core/Shell Nanoparticles

The integration of superparamagnetic core/shell nanoparticles into devices and other nanoscale technological applications requires a detailed understanding of how the intimate contact between core and shell nanophases affects the magnetism. We report how, for single-domain FeCo nanoparticles, an FeCo phase unique to the nanoscale with silica shells of increasing thicknesses spontaneously formed interfacial metal silicates between the core and shell (such as Fe₂SiO₄ and Co₂SiO₄) and altered the overall magnetism of the nanomaterial significantly. The influence of this previously overlooked phenomenon on magnetic properties is reported. Evidence of these metal silicate interfacial layers was observed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) collected over the L_3,2 absorption edges of Fe and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) collected over the 2p transitions of Fe and Co. Through the correlation of magnetometry and XPS data, the evolution of nanoparticle magnetic anisotropy is shown to increase with the metal silicate

Additional file 1: of Psychological stress, adverse life events and breast cancer incidence: a cohort investigation in 106,000 women in the United Kingdom

Association of stress variables with breast cancer risk factors. Table S1. Association of frequency of experience of stress during the 5 years preceding entry to the study with breast cancer risk factors and other stress variables assessed at recruitment. Table S2. Association of experience of adverse life events during the 5 years preceding entry to the study with breast cancer risk factors and other stress variables assessed at recruitment. Table S3. Association of participant’s age at death of their mother with breast cancer risk factors and other stress variables assessed at recruitment. (DOC 104 kb

Additional file 1: of Childhood body size and pubertal timing in relation to adult mammographic density phenotype

Supplementary tables. Table S1. Number of subjects included in analyses of categories of body size and pubertal factors. Table S2. Adjusted means of pubertal variables, anthropometric and mammographic density characteristics by weight compared with peers at age 11 years. Table S3. Adjusted means of pubertal variables, anthropometric and mammographic density characteristics by height compared with peers at age 11 years. Table S4. Correlations between pubertal factors and adult body mass index. Table S5. Difference in adult mammographic density parameters in relation to change in height compared with peers between ages 7 and 11 years. Table S6. Difference in adult mammographic density parameters across categories of age at reaching adult height. Table S7. Difference in adult mammographic density parameters across categories of time interval between menarche and regular cycles. Table S8. Difference in adult mammographic density parameters in relation to time interval between thelarche or menarche and age at reaching adult height. (PDF 417 kb

An enlarged view of elemental maps of Cl⁻, K⁺ and Cu in the choroid plexus and ventricle wall with tri-colour overlay.

<p>Numerous Cu hot spots mark the ventricle wall, and Cl⁻ and K⁺ co-localize with the choroid plexus epithelium. The tri-colour overlay highlights that K⁺ is at lower concentration outside the choroid plexus epithelium, while Cl⁻ is still abundant. Scale bar = 100 μm.</p

Cresyl violet (CV) histology and XFI elemental mapping of calcifications (white arrows) within ventricles.

<p>The first two columns correspond to images collected from tissue sections at a location of -0.5 mm anterior to bregma, and the last two columns correspond to images collected from tissue sections at a location of -3.6 mm anterior to bregma. Scale bar = 100 μm, intensity units are μg cm^-2.</p

Routine cresyl violet (CV) histology and XFI elemental mapping (P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn) of the offspring (PND60) from a saline control rat and a polyI:C immune compromised rat.

<p>Images were collected from tissue sections -0.5 mm and -3.6 mm anterior to bregma. White arrows indicate the presence of numerous calcifications observed within the ventricles of the polyI;C offspring. Due to the increased swelling of the ventricle in the polyI:C offspring at bregma location -0.5mm, the medial side of the ventricle wall tore from the tissue section. A white dashed line shows the approximate location of the ventricle wall before it tore away during tissue sectioning. Scale bar = 500 μm, intensity units are μg cm^-2.</p

Elemental quantification performed with XFI of distinct brain regions (choroid plexus, corpus callosum, striatum, cortex, and ventricle wall).

<p>One-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences in all elements as a factor of brain region (p<0.05). Tukey’s HSD was used to calculate post hoc tests. [<b>A</b>] Elemental concentrations for P, S, Cl, and K. A letter system is used to denote significant differences in P across brain regions. A = significantly different from choroid plexus, B = significantly different from corpus callosum, C = significantly different from striatum, D = significantly different from cortex, E = significantly different from ventricle wall. For all other elements, significant differences are indicated with an asterisk (*). [<b>B</b>] Elemental concentrations for Ca, Fe, Cu, and Zn. Significant differences are indicated with an asterisk (*).</p