Studi Penghematan Energi Pada Unit Ketel Uap Di Pabrik Gula

This paper presents an energy saving study result conducted in a sugar factory located in the East Java of Indonesia. Formerly, the sugar factory was designed to fulfil their energy demand by using an abundance free energy sources, called “baggase”. However, a fossil fuel consumption (i.e. residue) increased sharply to supply boilers due to the baggase availability was not sufficient. It impacted to the increasing of operational costs. Therefore, an energy saving study for the factory had been an interesting subject. The study proposed to assess boilers performance in the factory to reduce residue consumption. A detail energy audit method was conducted to identify the actual energy consumption, energy losses, and energy saving potential. The study results showed that energy saving potential for the boilers was about 11%. The main energy saving measures was to increase boilers efficiency from 64% to 75%. The study report also included with repairing recommendation for the boilers as well as its techno-economic analysis

Uptake of factual information by study participants.

<p>Uptake of factual information by study participants.</p

Consort diagram of participation in the survey.

<p>Consort diagram of participation in the survey.</p

Baseline demographics and comparisons between the two groups.

<p>Baseline demographics and comparisons between the two groups.</p

Univariable and multivariable ordinal logistic regression for progressive agreement in the “Supportive” video group compared to “Control” across 5 categories.

<p>Univariable and multivariable ordinal logistic regression for progressive agreement in the “Supportive” video group compared to “Control” across 5 categories.</p

Amount of information provided by the doctor.

<p>Amount of information provided by the doctor.</p

Demographic Characteristics.

<p>*<i>p</i><.05.</p><p><a href="mailto:@White" target="_blank">@White</a> versus non-white.</p><p>Demographic Characteristics.</p

In the overall sample, children born to obese versus non-obese mothers had significantly greater alpha diversity as indicated by A) Shannon Diversity Index (SDI), a measure of overall alpha diversity; B) equitability, a measurement of evenness; C) Chao1, an estimation of richness; and D) the total observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (<i>p</i>s <.05; Means ±1 SE).

<p>In the overall sample, children born to obese versus non-obese mothers had significantly greater alpha diversity as indicated by A) Shannon Diversity Index (SDI), a measure of overall alpha diversity; B) equitability, a measurement of evenness; C) Chao1, an estimation of richness; and D) the total observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (<i>p</i>s <.05; Means ±1 SE).</p

Maternal Obesity Is Associated with Alterations in the Gut Microbiome in Toddlers

<div><p>Children born to obese mothers are at increased risk for obesity, but the mechanisms behind this association are not fully delineated. A novel possible pathway linking maternal and child weight is the transmission of obesogenic microbes from mother to child. The current study examined whether maternal obesity was associated with differences in the composition of the gut microbiome in children in early life. Fecal samples from children 18–27 months of age (n = 77) were analyzed by pyro-tag 16S sequencing. Significant effects of maternal obesity on the composition of the gut microbiome of offspring were observed among dyads of higher socioeconomic status (SES). In the higher SES group (n = 47), children of obese (BMI≥30) versus non-obese mothers clustered on a principle coordinate analysis (PCoA) and exhibited greater homogeneity in the composition of their gut microbiomes as well as greater alpha diversity as indicated by the Shannon Diversity Index, and measures of richness and evenness. Also in the higher SES group, children born to obese versus non-obese mothers had differences in abundances of <i>Faecalibacterium</i> spp., <i>Eubacterium</i> spp., <i>Oscillibacter</i> spp., and <i>Blautia</i> spp. Prior studies have linked some of these bacterial groups to differences in weight and diet. This study provides novel evidence that maternal obesity is associated with differences in the gut microbiome in children in early life, particularly among those of higher SES. Among obese adults, the relative contribution of genetic versus behavioral factors may differ based on SES. Consequently, the extent to which maternal obesity confers measureable changes to the gut microbiome of offspring may differ based on the etiology of maternal obesity. Continued research is needed to examine this question as well as the relevance of the observed differences in gut microbiome composition for weight trajectory over the life course.</p></div

Interactive effects of maternal obesity and socioeconomic status were observed; effects of maternal obesity on the child microbiome were primarily seen among the higher SES group.

<p>A) In the higher income group, children born to obese versus non-obese mothers clustered (adonis, p = 0.041) and had higher homogeneity (permdisp, p = 0.003). B) These effects of maternal obesity were not seen in children in the lower income group.</p