Is the use of videotape recording superior to verbal feedback alone in the teaching of clinical skills?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In recent times, medical schools have committed to developing good communication and history taking skills in students. However, there remains an unresolved question as to which constitutes the best educational method. Our study aims to investigate whether the use of videotape recording is superior to verbal feedback alone in the teaching of clinical skills and the role of student self-assessment on history taking and communication skills.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A randomized controlled trial was designed. The study was conducted with 52 of the Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine second year students. All students' performances of communication and history taking skills were assessed twice. Between these assessments, the study group had received both verbal and visual feedback by watching their video recordings on patient interview; the control group received only verbal feedback from the teacher.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Although the self-assessment of the students did not change significantly, assessors' ratings increased significantly for videotaped interviews at the second time.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Feedback based on videotaped interviews is superior to the feedback given solely based on the observation of assessors.</p

Burden of non-communicable disease studies in Europe: a systematic review of data sources and methodological choices

Background: Assessment of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) resulting from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) requires specific calculation methods and input data. The aims of this study were to (i) identify existing NCD burden of disease (BoD) activities in Europe; (ii) collate information on data sources for mortality and morbidity; and (iii) provide an overview of NCD-specific methods for calculating NCD DALYs. Methods: NCD BoD studies were systematically searched in international electronic literature databases and in grey literature. We included all BoD studies that used the DALY metric to quantify the health impact of one or more NCDs in countries belonging to the European Region. Results: A total of 163 BoD studies were retained: 96 (59%) were single-country or sub-national studies and 67 (41%) considered more than one country. Of the single-country studies, 29 (30%) consisted of secondary analyses using existing Global Burden of Disease (GBD) results. Mortality data were mainly derived (49%) from vital statistics. Morbidity data were frequently (40%) drawn from routine administrative and survey datasets, including disease registries and hospital discharge databases. The majority (60%) of national BoD studies reported mortality corrections. Multimorbidity adjustments were performed in 18% of national BoD studies. Conclusion: The number of national NCD BoD assessments across Europe increased over time, driven by an increase in BoD studies that consisted of secondary data analysis of GBD study findings. Ambiguity in reporting the use of NCD-specific BoD methods underlines the need for reporting guidelines of BoD studies to enhance the transparency of NCD BoD estimates across Europe

The burden of breast, cervical, and colon and rectum cancer in the Balkan countries, 1990–2019 and forecast to 2030.

Background Despite effective prevention and control strategies, in countries of the Balkan region, cancers are the second leading cause of mortality, closely following circulatory system diseases. Objective To describe trends in the burden of breast, cervical, and colon and rectum cancer in the Balkan region and per country between 1990 and 2019, including a forecast to 2030. Methods We described the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) estimates for breast, cervical, and colon and rectum cancers in eleven Balkan countries over the period 1990–2019, including incidence, years lived with disability (YLD), years of life lost (YLL), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates per 100,000 population and accompanied 95% uncertainty interval. With the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average, we forecasted these rates per country up to 2030. Results In the Balkan region, the highest incidence and DALYs rates in the study period were for colon and rectum, and breast cancers. Over the study period, the DALYs rates for breast cancer per 100,000 population were the highest in Serbia (reaching 670.84 in 2019) but the lowest in Albania (reaching 271.24 in 2019). In 2019, the highest incidence of breast cancer (85 /100,000) and highest YLD rate (64 /100,000) were observed in Greece. Romania had the highest incidence rates, YLD rates, DALY rates, and YLL rates of cervical cancer, with respective 20.59%, 23.39% 4.00%, and 3.47% increases for the 1990/2019 period, and the highest forecasted burden for cervical cancer in 2030. The highest incidence rates, YLD rates and DALY rates of colon and rectum cancers were continuously recorded in Croatia (an increase of 130.75%, 48.23%, and 63.28%, respectively), while the highest YLL rates were in Bulgaria (an increase of 63.85%). The YLL rates due to colon and rectum cancers are forecasted to progress by 2030 in all Balkan countries. Conclusion As most of the DALYs burden for breast, cervical, and colon and rectum cancer is due to premature mortality, the numerous country-specific barriers to cancer early detection and quality and care continuum should be a public priority of multi-stakeholder collaboration in the Balkan region

Abdominoscrotal hydrocele: case report and review of the literature

Abdominoscrotal hydrocele is a collection of fluid in the tunica vaginalis extending through the inguinal canal into the abdominal cavity. Although this rare type of hydrocele was first described by Dupuytren in 1834, only 16 pediatric cases have been reported in the literature to date. On the basis of our own case and those described in the literature, the clinical features, diagnostic procedures, and operative therapy are summarized and discussed. © 1992 Springer-Verlag

Superior Vesical Fistula - a Case-Report

WOS: A1991GG59900017PubMed ID: 1931850Variants of bladder exstrophy are rare developmental abnormalities. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature to date. A case of superior vesical fistula with split symphysis and dorsal chordee is presented. If associated anomalies are absent, diagnosis and management of these lesions are easy and have a good prognosis. The patient is usually continent after surgical correction

Health personnel perceptions about emergency contraception in primary health-care centers

WOS: 000186049000004PubMed ID: 14667325Objective The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding emergency contraception in primary health-care workers. Methods This survey was conducted among health-care personnel in 20 primary healthcare centers in Izmir. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 190 health-care personnel (doctors, nurses and midwives). Specific questions regarding knowledge of emergency contraception were asked. Results In all, 22% of personnel had received specialized training in family planning. Of the respondents, 53.7% had heard of emergency contraception. General practitioners were much more well informed than other health personnel. Conclusion Primary health-care personnel play a significant role in the provision of reproductive health care for women. There is a need to educate primary health-care personnel further about emergency contraception

Management of tracheoesophageal fistula as a complication of esophageal dilatations in caustic esophageal burns

PubMed ID: 7666316The authors report on eight patients with caustic esophageal burns in whom tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) developed during dilatation programs. This study covered a period of 17 years between 1975 and 1992. The age of the patients ranged from 1.5 to 8 years (mean age, 3.4 years). TEF developed after 5 to 43 months after injury (mean, 20.05 months). In each case, after documentation of the fistula by esophagography, esophagoscopy, and/or bronchoscopy, the fistula was blocked by an intraluminal esophageal stent, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tube with a large lumen (10-mm diameter maximum). In this period, patients were fed via a jejunostomy tube and by total parenteral nutrition (TPN) if indicated, while the existing pneumonia was being treated. In one patient, fistula closed spontaneously during the stent application program, which ended with a patent esophagus. In two patients primary closure of TEF was attempted. In one of them fistula recurred and in the other it was technically impossible to separate the esophagus from trachea safely because of the very tight adhesions. In five patients a two-stage coloesophagoplasty was performed to bypass the fistulated esophagus. In the first stage, retrosternal pull-through of the colon and coloesophagogastric anastomosis was performed. In the second stage, closure of the distal esophagus and cervical coloesophagostomy was carried out. The patient with the primary closure attempt and one patient with stage 1 coloesophagoplasty died 3 and 4 months, respectively, after the operations. The cause of death was uncontrollable pneumonia in both cases. Follow-up of the four patients showed no complications. Another fistula patient is currently on stent treatment program with pneumonia under control. The most important factor that influences survival in these patients is the degree of pneumonia caused by esophagotracheal leak. Primary repair of the fistula is technically difficult and dangerous in caustic esophageal burns because of extensive and tight adhesions between trachea and esophagus. On the other hand, an intraesophageal stent blocks the fistula, thus rendering the pneumonia curable, and also there is a good chance that the fistula will close spontaneously while the esophagus is being stented. Therefore, a stent trial is essential before a surgical attempt is made to obliterate the proximal esophagus with an esophageal bypass procedure. © 1995

The effects of early steroids in the treatment of caustic esophageal burns

[No abstract available