Analysis of climate sensitivity in outdoor space: Evaluating urban patterns in different climates

Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, City and Regional Planning, Izmir, 2009Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 108-114)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxiii, 128 leavesMany urban design projects we produce today underestimate the design strategies as utilizing the same design criteria for every urban environment regardless their different localities. This problem leads to increasing demands for active heating, cooling and lighting systems, rising energy consumption, declining quality of urban living, environmental deterioration, and expensive and hardly maintained built-up areas.The intention of this study, on one hand, is to present a method of how to examine the climatic factors in an urban area, and on the other hand, is to reconsider urban patterns of Konak Square in Izmir and Kızılay Square in Ankara, from climate sensitive design view point. The overall aim here is to find to what extend designs of the built environment are sensitive to the climate. Specifically, the present study investigates if those urban patterns take the advantage of their particular climate while eliminating the inconveniences.In this framework, the case study was conducted in the summer period, comprising two steps; site surveying and climatic measurements. The findings were processed through the comparison of field measurements with the meteorological data, and the evaluation of the spatial structure in relation to the given comparisons. The study found that Konak Square is more sensitive to the climate comparing to Kızılay Square. The results show that urban pattern of Konak Square takes the advantage of the existing wind conditions, accelerating it throughout the site and decreases air temperature in many locations through its design

Spatial and Non-Spatial Drivers for Design Thinking in Knowledge Ecosystems

The concept of knowledge ecosystems is an emerging arena to reconsider the design thinking processes from a perspective which comprises different levels of knowledge interaction, and how those are regulated by different dimensions. The issue of design thinking is the most relevant for creative industries emerging around creativity and knowledge and providing innovation, change and impact through interaction, however, existing research inadequately connects design thinking both to physical and non-physical dimensions of knowledge ecosystems. Despite knowledge interaction is vastly regarded as a face-to-face communication for design thinking at micro-scale, it appears and be proficient as it involves non-spatial drivers at various scales. Therefore, this paper provides a more comprehensive and multi-disciplinary theoretical approach to this phenomenon, linking separate discourses revolve around different themes: spatiality of knowledge ecosystems, creative industries and design thinking. The paper aims to explore how different dimensions of knowledge ecosystems are influential on design thinking in terms of knowledge interaction and to investigate the key drivers for design thinking. The main evaluation suggests that a geographical proximity enables reduced cost, spontaneous knowledge exchange within ecosystems, however, proximity should not be described in only spatial terms as prior to the others. The findings reveal additional non-spatial drivers: social network, institutions, cognitive proximity and organizational proximity have essential contributions to design thinking processes in terms of knowledge interaction

Analysis of climate sensitivity in outdoor space: Evaluating urban patterns in different climates

Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, City and Regional Planning, Izmir, 2009Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 108-114)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxiii, 128 leavesMany urban design projects we produce today underestimate the design strategies as utilizing the same design criteria for every urban environment regardless their different localities. This problem leads to increasing demands for active heating, cooling and lighting systems, rising energy consumption, declining quality of urban living, environmental deterioration, and expensive and hardly maintained built-up areas.The intention of this study, on one hand, is to present a method of how to examine the climatic factors in an urban area, and on the other hand, is to reconsider urban patterns of Konak Square in Izmir and Kızılay Square in Ankara, from climate sensitive design view point. The overall aim here is to find to what extend designs of the built environment are sensitive to the climate. Specifically, the present study investigates if those urban patterns take the advantage of their particular climate while eliminating the inconveniences.In this framework, the case study was conducted in the summer period, comprising two steps; site surveying and climatic measurements. The findings were processed through the comparison of field measurements with the meteorological data, and the evaluation of the spatial structure in relation to the given comparisons. The study found that Konak Square is more sensitive to the climate comparing to Kızılay Square. The results show that urban pattern of Konak Square takes the advantage of the existing wind conditions, accelerating it throughout the site and decreases air temperature in many locations through its design

Conversion of diesel vehicles to electric vehicles and controlled by PID controller

Internal combustion engine vehicles are the most produced and sold vehicles on the market. In recent years, interest in electric vehicles has begun to increase, especially due to the environmental problems. In the near future, it is estimated that gasoline and diesel vehicles will be completely electric vehicles. For this reason, many studies have been conducted on electric vehicles. Particularly the change of the engine parts, the turning of the internal combustion part to the electric motor, and the design of these motors has become an important parameter. In order to improve the performances of electric vehicles, the batteries of electric motors have been improved. In this study, a simulation was carried out to conversion 1.3 JTD and 1.3 Multijet motors to electric vehicles and the performances of these forms are evaluated by comparing the motor power, torque, and speed of the two vehicles. It was tried to predict what kind of changes will be achieved by conversion these two cars into electrical forms. PID controllers were used for inspecting components. In the study including detailed calculations, the program named AVL Cruise was used. The findings have shown that the quality of the new electric vehicle equipment used instead of the internal combustion engine can also affect results. The graphs from electric vehicles were explained and compared in detail. It was observed that there may be significant differences in the efficiency of the vehicles as a result of the conversion of the internal combustion engine to the electric motor. This made the biggest difference between the two vehicles. Since there is no data related to the sale prices of vehicles in the case of the conversion internal combustion vehicles to electric vehicles, comparisons were performed only on equipment. The latest price information of the vehicles has not been discusse

A Five-Level H-Bridge STATCOM for an Off-Grid PV Solar Farm under Two Controllers PI and PI lambda-MPC Hybrid

Mengi, Onur Ozdal/0000-0001-5669-0766WOS: 000430439200001Investigations were presented in order to eliminate the reactive power on microgrid loads fed by an off-grid and mid-power photovoltaic solar energy system (PVSES) with a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) device. The electric network is specifically characterized by P-Q loads, ambient temperature, and widely variable solar radiation levels. Two main innovations are developed. Firstly, the STATCOM apparatus is a 5-level H-bridge inverter with capacitances as load and must totally compensates the reactive power in the network load. Secondly, this compensation is controlled by a set of fractional PI (PI lambda) and model predictive control (MPC) hybrid. The efficiencies of these controllers were compared with classical PI controllers. Large simulations, without and with reactive power compensation, in steady and transient states, are carried out to underline the merits of the presented works, by performing in the MATLAB-Simulink environment

Evaluation of the conversion performance of a diesel vehicle to electrical vehicle

Bu çalışmada, dizel motora sahip 1,3 litrelik bir araç elektrikli araca dönüştürülmüş ve her iki aracın performansı kıyaslanmıştır. Günümüzde hızla artan çevresel problemler ve sera gazı salınımını azaltma çalışmalarının önemli bir ayağını oluşturan petrol temelli kaynaklar ile çalışan araçların elektrikli hale getirilmesi konusunda önemli ilerlemeler kaydedilmiştir. Dizelden elektrikli bir forma dönüşüm olursa araçta bir performans kaybı olup olmayacağı önemli bir soru işaretidir. Çalışma bu noktaya odaklanmaktadır. Yapılan benzetim çalışmasında, AVL Cruise programı kullanılmış ve dizel aracın yerine elektrikli versiyonun yapılması ve kullanılması durumunda, bu versiyonların performansı incelenmiş ve kıyaslanmıştır. Her iki aracın motorlarındaki tork, güç ve hız değerleri irdelenmiştir. Bileşenlerin denetlenmesinde Oransal-İntegral-Türevsel kontrolörler kullanılmıştır. Kıyaslama sonucunda, dizel aracın elektrikli arabaya dönüştürülmesi durumunda herhangi bir performans kaybı olmadan daha çevreci bir araç elde edilebileceği gerçeği ortaya çıkmıştırIn the present paper, a 1,3 liter vehicle that has diesel motor was converted into an electrical vehicle and performances of both vehicle forms were compared. Significant advances have been made in the electrification of vehicles operating with oil-based resources, which nowadays are an important component of rapidly increasing environmental problems and reduction efforts of greenhouse gas emission. It is a serious question mark whether a loss of performance in the vehicle will be if it is converted from diesel to an electrical form. The paper is focused on this point. In the simulation work, AVL Cruise program was used, and when the electric version instead of the diesel vehicle was made and used, the performances of these versions were examined and compared. Torque, power and speed values in the both vehicles were examined. Proportional-Integral-Derivative controllers were used for inspecting components. As a result of comparison, it has been revealed that a more environmentally friendly vehicle can be obtained without any performance loss if diesel vehicle is converted into an electrical vehicl