Deciphering Charging Status, Absolute Quantum Efficiency, and Absorption Cross Section of MultiCarrier States in Single Colloidal Quantum Dot

Upon photo- or electrical-excitation, colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are often found in multi-carrier states due to multi-photon absorption and photo-charging of the QDs. While many of these multi-carrier states are observed in single-dot spectroscopy, their properties are not well studied due to random charging/discharging, emission intensity intermittency, and uncontrolled surface defects of single QD. Here we report in-situ deciphering the charging status, and precisely assessing the absorption cross section, and determining the absolute emission quantum yield of mono-exciton and biexciton states for neutral, positively-charged, and negatively-charged single core/shell CdSe/CdS QD. We uncover very different photon statistics of the three charge states in single QD and unambiguously identify their charge sign together with the information of their photoluminescence decay dynamics. We then show their distinct photoluminescence saturation behaviors and evaluated the absolute values of absorption cross sections and quantum efficiencies of monoexcitons and biexcitons. We demonstrate that addition of an extra hole or electron in a QD changes not only its emission properties but also varies its absorption cross section

Variational Analysis of Kurdyka-{\L}ojasiewicz Property, Exponent and Modulus

The Kurdyka-{\L}ojasiewicz (K{\L}) property, exponent and modulus have played a very important role in the study of global convergence and rate of convergence for optimal algorithms. In this paper, at a stationary point of a locally lower semicontinuous function, we obtain complete characterizations of the K{\L} property and the K{\L} modulus via the outer limiting subdifferential of an auxilliary function and a newly-introduced subderivative function respectively. In particular, for a class of prox-regular, twice epi-differentiable and subdifferentially continuous functions, we show that the K{\L} property and the K{\L} modulus can be described by its Moreau envelopes and a quadratic growth condition. We apply the obtained results to establish the K{\L} property with exponent $\frac12$ and to provide calculation of the modulus for a smooth function, the pointwise maximum of finitely many smooth functions and regularized functions respectively. These functions often appear in the modelling of structured optimization problems.Comment: 28 page

Projectional Coderivatives and Calculus Rules

This paper is devoted to the study of a newly introduced tool, projectional coderivatives and the corresponding calculus rules in finite dimensions. We show that when the restricted set has some nice properties, more specifically, is a smooth manifold, the projectional coderivative can be refined as a fixed-point expression. We will also improve the generalized Mordukhovich criterion to give a complete characterization of the relative Lipschitz-like property under such a setting. Chain rules and sum rules are obtained to facilitate the application of the tool to a wider range of problems

Clostridium difficile菌体内トキシンAの精製とその性状

取得学位 : 博士（医学）, 学位授与番号 : 医博甲第1100号, 学位授与年月日：平成6年3月25日,学位授与年：199

Effects of Time for Deliberation and Disfluency on Omission Neglect

The use of disfluency in marketing signage has more complex effects than what past research suggests. Time plays an important role in consumer information processing of signage presented disfluently. Three experimental studies suggest that the effects of disfluency on the awareness of missing information, purchase likelihood, and likelihood of future surprise depend on whether consumers have more or less time to process the information. When they have a limited amount of time, disfluency improves their awareness of missing information, leading to not only a lower likelihood of immediate purchase but also less surprise when important omissions are revealed later. Nevertheless, the effects are attenuated when consumers have a greater amount of time

Characterization of a neurotoxigenic Clostridium butyricum strain isolated from the food implicated in an outbreak of food-borne type E botulism

金沢大学大学院医学系研究科病態検査学Neurotoxigenic Clostridium butyricum was isolated from the food implicated in an outbreak of clinically diagnosed type E botulism in China. PCR assay showed that the isolate (LCL 155) contained the type E botulinum toxin gene. This appears to be the first report of neurotoxigenic C. butyricum causing food-borne botulism

Antibiotic-Induced Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Modulates Host Transcriptome and m6A Epitranscriptome via Bile Acid Metabolism.

Gut microbiota can influence host gene expression and physiology through metabolites. Besides, the presence or absence of gut microbiome can reprogram host transcriptome and epitranscriptome as represented by N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant mammalian mRNA modification. However, which and how gut microbiota-derived metabolites reprogram host transcriptome and m6A epitranscriptome remain poorly understood. Here, investigation is conducted into how gut microbiota-derived metabolites impact host transcriptome and m6A epitranscriptome using multiple mouse models and multi-omics approaches. Various antibiotics-induced dysbiotic mice are established, followed by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) into germ-free mice, and the results show that bile acid metabolism is significantly altered along with the abundance change in bile acid-producing microbiota. Unbalanced gut microbiota and bile acids drastically change the host transcriptome and the m6A epitranscriptome in multiple tissues. Mechanistically, the expression of m6A writer proteins is regulated in animals treated with antibiotics and in cultured cells treated with bile acids, indicating a direct link between bile acid metabolism and m6A biology. Collectively, these results demonstrate that antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis regulates the landscape of host transcriptome and m6A epitranscriptome via bile acid metabolism pathway. This work provides novel insights into the interplay between microbial metabolites and host gene expression