Spotted wing drosophila: distribution of populations over time in wild and crop hosts

Spotted wing drosophila (SWD) was first confirmed in NY at some eastern Long Island farms in 2011. Fruit flies typically attack rotting fruits; SWD, however, feeds in intact fruits. Soft-skinned fruits such as berries are at greatest risk; some stone fruits are also reported among the preferred hosts. Season-long SWD monitoring and fruit damage assessments were done in cultivated crops and in wild fruits growing nearby. A total of 31 apple cider vinegar-baited translucent delicatessen cup monitoring traps were placed in raspberry, peach, blueberry, grape, and apple farms and in adjacent forest areas. The first sustained SWD capture on Long Island occurred on June 9, 2012 at 1320 DD (50oF base temperature). At least two peak SWD activity periods were observed on Long Island: the 1st around September 18 at 2313 DD and the 2nd around October 23 at 3073 DD. The proportion of male:female in trapped populations was observed to be around 50:50. Late-season (September – October) SWD populations appeared to be higher in forest than cultivated areas. Approximately 17 types of cultivated and wild fruits were checked for the presence of SWD eggs or larvae. Pokeweed berries are the most preferred wild host of SWD. Among the other possible wild hosts checked- autumn olive, bittersweet nightshade, European yew berries are the newly detected hosts of SWD grown near cultivated areas. Raspberries and blackberries were most heavily infested by SWD, averaging 73.5% and 77.0% respectively in 2012. Blueberries were less affected (6%) possibly because the local blueberry season typically ends by late July to early August after which SWD populations sharply increased. Very few SWD adults emerged from grape samples and SWD egg-laying in grapes was minimal and only the late-season 'Merlot' and 'Cabernet' varieties were affected. It appears grapes are not a favored host and may not need preventive treatment. Late-season caneberries appear highly susceptible to infestation and most likely require preventive insecticide treatments but growers have little information on specific timing of applications. Information developed from this study advances our understanding of the seasonal abundance, peak appearance, host utilization, and overwintering emergence patterns of SWD. Further research on hosts, overwintering sites, population assessment, baits and control techniques are necessary to help growers contend with this new invasive pest

MP758: East Regional Potato Trials 2006: Summary of NE1014 Regional Project Field Testing of New Potato Clones

The objectives of this regional potato trial are (1) to develop pest-resistant, early-maturing, long-dormant potato varieties that will process from cold storage; (2) to evaluate new and specialty variet­ies developed in the Northeast; (3) to determine climatic effects on performance to develop pre­dictive models for potato improvement; and (4) determine heritability/linkage relationships and improve the genetic base of tetraploid cultivated varieties. The results presented in this report reflect a portion of the activity directed toward objectives 1, 2 and 3.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_miscpubs/1017/thumbnail.jp

MP760: East Regional Potato Trials 2007: Summary of NE1014 Regional Project Field Testing of New Potato Clones

The objectives of this regional potato trial are (1) to develop pest-resistant, early-maturing, long-dormant potato varieties that will process from cold storage; (2) to evaluate new and specialty variet­ies developed in the Northeast; (3) to determine climatic effects on performance to develop pre­dictive models for potato improvement; and (4) determine heritability/linkage relationships and improve the genetic base of tetraploid cultivated varieties. The results presented in this report reflect a portion of the activity directed toward objectives 1, 2 and 3.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_miscpubs/1016/thumbnail.jp

MP757: Eastern Regional Potato Trials 2005: Summary of NE1014 Regional Project Field Testing of New Potato Clones

The objectives of this regional potato trial are (1) to develop pest-resistant, early-maturing, long-dormant potato varieties that will process from cold storage; (2) to evaluate new and specialty variet­ies developed in the Northeast; (3) to determine climatic effects on performance to develop pre­dictive models for potato improvement; and (4) determine heritability/linkage relationships and improve the genetic base of tetraploid cultivated varieties. The results presented in this report reflect a portion of the activity directed toward objectives 1, 2 and 3.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_miscpubs/1018/thumbnail.jp

Evaluation of Atrazine Alternatives for Efficacy of Weed Control in Sweet Corn on Long Island

On Long Island, the use of atrazine is being closely evaluated as a herbicide for sweet corn growers. Although some products containing atrazine have been voluntarily withdrawn from registered use on Long Island, there are several that remain available. Our goal was to evaluate and demonstrate viable cultural practices, herbicide alternatives and supplements to atrazine for weed management in this important crop. A demonstration was conducted on a grower fields that featured the most effective alternatives and reduced (atrazine) rate combinations that are currently available. A field trial and demonstration, conducted at LIHREC, evaluated for a second year the efficacy of currently registered alternatives on several common weed species. Another field trial evaluated how plant-back restrictions on some vegetable crops might influence the grower’s choice of weed management tool. The demonstration plots and results were displayed at the LIHREC plant science day and also presented at grower meetings

2010 New York Sweet Corn Pheromone Trap Network

Three important insect pests of sweet corn, European corn borer, corn earworm, and fall armyworm, cause damage to ears in their worm or larval stage. These pests are moths in their adult stage. Traps baited with the pheromones that male and female moths use to find each other are set up near sweet corn production in NY. The trap catch information allows growers, consultants, and Cooperative Extension and vegetable processor field staff to track the flights of the adults of these three pests, and trap numbers contribute to making informed decisions about when sweet corn fields need to be scouted or treated with an insecticide. In 2010 traps for a new pest, the western bean cutworm, were added to the trap network to survey where in the state they are being found. This project is funded in part by in-kind contributions from growers and consultants who host and check traps

Finger lakes vineyard notes. Newsletter. 2015:1-May

Agricultural extension wor

Array comparative genomic hybridization and flow cytometry analysis of spontaneous abortions and mors <it>in utero </it>samples

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>It is estimated that 10-15% of all clinically recognised pregnancies result in a spontaneous abortion or miscarriage. Previous studies have indicated that in up to 50% of first trimester miscarriages, chromosomal abnormalities can be identified. For several decades chromosome analysis has been the golden standard to detect these genomic imbalances. A major drawback of this method is the requirement of short term cultures of fetal cells. In this study we evaluated the combined use of array CGH and flow cytometry (FCM), for detection of chromosomal abnormalities, as an alternative for karyotyping.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In total 100 spontaneous abortions and mors <it>in utero </it>samples were investigated by karyotyping and array CGH in combination with FCM in order to compare the results for both methods.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Chromosome analysis revealed 17 abnormal karyotypes whereas array CGH in combination with FCM identified 26 aberrations due to the increased test success rate. Karyotyping was unsuccessful in 28% of cases as compared to only two out of hundred samples with inconclusive results for combined array CGH and FCM analysis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study convincingly shows that array CGH analysis for detection of numerical and segmental imbalances in combination with flow cytometry for detection of ploidy status has a significant higher detection rate for chromosomal abnormalities as compared to karyotyping of miscarriages samples.</p