25 research outputs found
Prevalence and genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium species and Giardia duodenalis in lambs in Oromia Special Zone, Central Ethiopia
A Marked Decline in Taenia solium Taeniasis and Cysticercosis Infections in China: Possible Reasons from the Ecological Determinants Perspective
Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis is an important global food-borne infectious disease transmitted between humans and pigs. According to both national surveys and field investigations, the prevalence of the disease in China has significantly decreased in recent decades. The primary disease control measures are health education and promotion, meat inspection, and chemotherapy. Other factors that influence or fundamentally affect human and pig T. solium taeniasis/cysticercosis have been identified, such as pig farming patterns shift and a revolution in sanitary toilets, which block T. solium transmission routes. Pig farming practices have shifted from backyard to large-scale intensive farming, thus decreasing pig contact with, and consumption of, human excreta. The increased in the use of sanitary toilets has facilitated hygiene by preventing of human excreta from contacting humans, or polluting the environment, feed, or water. The occurrence of human T. solium infections has markedly decreased as a result of these social changes. The objective of this review is to describe the ecological determinants of the cysticercosis decline in China
Global prevalence of Trichinella in pigs: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: Investigating the global epidemiological patterns of Trichinella in pigs is
required for accurate recognition and to establishing proper control programmes and
preventivemeasures, as well as to decrease human exposure.
Objectives: To obtain a better understanding of the global prevalence of Trichinella in
domestic pigs and factors that might influence the prevalence, a systematic review and
meta-analysis was performed.
Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
guidelines were followed. Multiple databases were used to identify literature published
between January 2000 and December 2021, representing studies from 1985
to 2021, on Trichinella prevalence in domestic pigs. Prevalence was calculated on a
global and country level, by country Human Development Index (HDI), climate, pig
management system, and diagnostic test.
Results: The global pooled prevalence based on 60manuscripts representing 32 countries
and 65 pig populations was 2.02% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88–3.62) and
the estimated pooled prevalence in different continents ranged from 0.00% to 11.8%.
Trichinella was highest in low HDI countries (21.6%; 95% CI: 4.3–47.2), tropical wet climates (20.9%; 95% CI: 10.3–34.1), and non-intensive pig farming systems (6.1%;
95% CI: 1.0–15.5).
Conclusions: While there were regional differences in Trichinella prevalence in domestic
pigs, these were likely driven by country HDI and pig farming systems versus
climatic factors. Increased biosecurity in outdoor pig production systems, focused
meat inspections and promoting awareness could potentially decrease risk of infectio
Global incidence of helminthic contamination of vegetables, cucurbits and fruits: A systematic review and meta-analysis
ABSTRACT
Accidental ingestion of infective stages of helminths through consumption of contaminated vegetables and fruits causes a wide range of food-borne diseases in humans. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the global incidence of helminthic contamination of vegetables, cucurbits and fruits. Several databases (Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were searched for literature published prior to November 2020. Overally, 184 articles (32 countries) met the inclusion criteria. Among these, 137 studies documented helminthic contamination in vegetables, 46 in cucurbits and 9 were in fruits. The pooled incidence (95% confidence interval) was 31% (26%–37%) for vegetables, 20% (14%–27%) for cucurbits and 20% (8%– 37%) for fruits. The highest incidence rate was found in the Western Pacific WHO region (54%; 9%–95%). The most prevalent parasitic agents were Ascaris lumbricoides eggs (12%; 9%–15%) and Strongyloides stercoralis larvae (12%; 8%–16%) in vegetables, S. stercoralis larvae (10%; 5%–15%) and Toxocara spp. eggs (10%; 3%–21%) in cucurbits, and Trichuris trichiura eggs (9%; 1%–22%) in fruits. The highest incidence rate was found to be associated with lower-middle income countries (34%, 28%–41%) and regions with a tropical rainforest climate (50%, 10%–91%). The potential role of vegetables, cucurbits, and fruits in the spread of helminthic parasites was revealed. Utilizing clean water for irrigation, proper washing and cooking of vegetables and improved sanitary practices can decrease the public health hazard regarding the consumption of vegetables, cucurbits, and fruits.
Keywords: Vegetable Cucurbits Fruits Helminthic contamination Public health Food safet
Global prevalence of intestinal protozoan contamination in vegetables and fruits: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Environmental contamination of vegetables and fruits with intestinal protozoan trophozoites, cysts and oocysts is a means of transmitting parasitic agents of public health importance. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the global prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasite contamination in vegetables and fruits. Several databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest and Google Scholar) were searched for literature published up to August 2021. Pooled prevalence was determined using the meta-package in R (version 3.6.1). Out of 90,404 publications, 189 articles (202 datasets) met the inclusion criteria. Among these, 183 investigations documented protozoan contamination in vegetables and 20 in fruits. The pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) was 20% (16%–24%) for vegetables and 13% (7%–21%) for fruits. The highest pooled prevalence was found in South-East Asian WHO region 37% (6%–76%). The most prevalent protozoan parasite in vegetables was Cryptosporidium spp. (11%, 7%–15%). As well, Entamoeba histolytica was the most common agent found in fruits (9%, 4%–14%). Furthermore, the unwashed samples had the highest pooled prevalence of contamination (22%, 3%–49%). Our data suggest a possible risk of protozoan infection in humans via unwashed vegetables and fruits. Accidental ingestion of protozoa occurs through consumption of contaminated vegetables and fruits that have been improperly washed and prepared under poor sanitation. Using sanitary irrigation water, consuming properly cleaned and cooked vegetables, and practicing good hygiene can all assist to reduce the risk of protozoa infection
Global prevalence of intestinal protozoan contamination in vegetables and fruits: A systematic review and meta-analysis
A B S T R A C T
Environmental contamination of vegetables and fruits with intestinal protozoan trophozoites, cysts and oocysts is a means of transmitting parasitic agents of public health importance. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the global prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasite contamination in vege- tables and fruits. Several databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest and Google Scholar) were searched for literature published up to August 2021. Pooled prevalence was determined using the meta-package in R (version 3.6.1). Out of 90,404 publications, 189 articles (202 datasets) met the inclusion criteria. Among these, 183 investigations documented protozoan contamination in vegetables and 20 in fruits. The pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) was 20% (16%–24%) for vegetables and 13% (7%–21%) for fruits. The highest pooled prevalence was found in South-East Asian WHO region 37% (6%–76%). The most prevalent protozoan parasite in vegetables was Cryptosporidium spp. (11%, 7%–15%). As well, Entamoeba histolytica was the most common agent found in fruits (9%, 4%–14%). Furthermore, the unwashed samples had the highest pooled prevalence of contamination (22%, 3%–49%). Our data suggest a possible risk of protozoan infection in humans via unwashed vegetables and fruits. Accidental ingestion of protozoa occurs through consumption of contami- nated vegetables and fruits that have been improperly washed and prepared under poor sanitation. Using san- itary irrigation water, consuming properly cleaned and cooked vegetables, and practicing good hygiene can all assist to reduce the risk of protozoa infection
Keywords: Vegetables Fruits, Protozoan contamination, Public health, Food-borne, disease
Molecular identification and subtyping of
Blastocystis sp. is a ubiquitous protist that has been frequently reported in humans and animals worldwide. A total of 355 fecal samples of experimental rats were collected from four laboratory rearing facilities in China, and Blastocystis sp. was detected by PCR amplification of the partial small subunit ribosomal (SSU) rRNA gene. Twenty-nine (8.2%, 29/355) samples were positive for Blastocystis sp., with the highest infection rate (20.7%, 24/116) in rats of the Zhengzhou1, followed by that in the Zhengzhou2 (5.0%, 2/40), Shenyang (3.0%, 3/100) and Wuhan (0) rearing facilities. Among the three rat strains, Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats had higher infection rates (11.3%, 17/151) compared to Wistar rats (8.7%, 9/104) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats (3.0%, 3/100). Two Blastocystis sp. subtypes (ST4 and ST7) were identified. ST4 was the predominant subtype detected in 26 samples (89.7%). A phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the sequences of ST4 and ST7 obtained in this study were clustered with their reference subtypes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Blastocystis sp. in experimental rats in China. Pathogen infections in laboratory animals need to be monitored due to fecal-oral transmission
Prevalence of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> in dairy calves as detected by microscopy and PCR in central Ethiopia (January—June, 2014).
<p>Prevalence of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> in dairy calves as detected by microscopy and PCR in central Ethiopia (January—June, 2014).</p
PCR based prevalence of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> in dairy calves by study area, sex, age and breed groups in central Ethiopia (January—June, 2014).
<p>PCR based prevalence of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> in dairy calves by study area, sex, age and breed groups in central Ethiopia (January—June, 2014).</p
Age-related distribution of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> species in calves in central Ethiopia (January—June, 2014).
<p>Age-related distribution of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> species in calves in central Ethiopia (January—June, 2014).</p