Shuttle active thermal control system development testing. Volume 6: Water ejector plume tests

Results are given of vacuum testing of nozzles designed to eject water vapor away from the space shuttle to prevent contamination of the spacecraft surfaces and payload. The water vapor is generated by an active cooling system which evaporates excess fuel cell water to supplement a modular radiator system (MRS). The complete heat rejection system including the MRS, flash evaporator or sublimator and nozzle were first tested to demonstrate the system operational characteristics. The plume tests were performed in two phases and the objectives of this test series were: (1) to determine the effectiveness of a supersonic nozzle and a plugged nozzle in minimizing impingement upon the spacecraft of water vapor exhausted by an active device (flash evaporator or sublimator); and (2) to obtain basic data on the flow fields of exhaust plumes generated by these active devices, both with and without nozzles installed

Evaluation of LANDSAT-2 data for selected hydrologic applications

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Evaluation of LANDSAT-2 data for selected hydrologic applications

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Evaluation of ERTS data for certain hydrological uses

The author has identified the following significant results. A snow-extent map of the American River basin was prepared for 27 May 1973 from MSS band 4 imagery. The basin was 14% snow covered. NOAA-2 visible band imagery was used to determine date of disappearance of snow in the basin: 15 July 1973. A snowmelt curve comparing ERTS-1 and NOAA-2 snow-extent maps is provided. ERTS-1 data were superior in quality and outstanding in cartographic fidelity and were found to be an excellent control or calibration for the distorted and coarse (1 km) imagery from NOAA-2's VHRR which, however, is available on a daily basis

Applications of HCMM data to soil moisture snow and estuarine current studies

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Application of HCMM data to soil moisture snow and estuarine current studies

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Evaluation of ERTS-1 data for certain hydrological uses

The author has identified the following significant results. ERTS-1 MSS data have been used in a variety of hydrologic research including snow-extent mapping; studies of snowmelt, snowmelt runoff, spectral reflectance of snow for assessing snowpack conditions, and snow albedo; lake ice formation, breakup, and migration; lake current measurements; multispectral studies of lake ice; and flood studies. MSS sensing of soil moisture over a well-vegetated test site was unsuccessfully attempted. Although a powerful research tool, ERTS-1 has very limited use as an operational system for hydrologic communities because of its 18-day revisit cycle and its lack of a quick look capability

Applications of HCMM data to soil moisture snow and estuarine current studies

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Selected Hydrologic Applications of LANDSAT-2 Data: an Evaluation

The author has identified the following significant results. Estimates of soil moisture were obtained from visible, near-IR gamma ray and microwave data. Attempts using GOES thermal-IR were unsuccessful due to resolutions (8 km). Microwaves were the most effective at soil moisture estimates, with and without vegetative cover. Gamma rays provided only one value for the test site, produced by many data points obtained from overlapping 150 meter diameter circles. Even though the resulting averaged value was near the averaged field moisture value, this method suffers from atmospheric contaminants, the need to fly at low altitudes, and the necessity of prior calibration of a given site. Visible and near-IR relationships are present for bare fields but appear to be limited to soil moisture levels between 5 and 20%. The densely vegetated alfalfa fields correlated with near-IR reflectance only; soil moisture values from wheat fields showed no relation to either or near-IR MSS data

Evaluation of LANDSAT-2 data for selected hydrologic applications

There are no author-identified significant results in this report