3,917 research outputs found
Up in the Air: Lawson v. FMR LLC & the Scope of Sarbanes-Oxley Whistleblower Protection
This commentary previews an upcoming Supreme Court case, Lawson v. FMR LCC, in which the Court will consider whether Sarbanes-Oxley extends whistleblower protection to employees of the private contractors and subcontractors of public companies
Household Characteristics of Higher Education Participants
The aim of this paper is to analyse the characteristics of Irish households that have a member participating in higher education, using surveys of Irish households collected in 1994-95 and 1999-2000. The results do not show a significant effect of income; this is notable, especially alongside the strong result that longer-term factors such as household wealth and cultural capital have a significant effect. This lends support to the argument proposed by Heckman (2000) that family income is only important over the entire educational investment cycle of a child. However, the importance of grant eligibility is a notable result, which suggests that short-term financial constraints cannot be dismissed. A combination of suitably beneficial short-term and long-term factors may be important for encouraging participation in higher education.higher education, human capital, credit constraints
Marrying Universal Dependencies and Universal Morphology
The Universal Dependencies (UD) and Universal Morphology (UniMorph) projects
each present schemata for annotating the morphosyntactic details of language.
Each project also provides corpora of annotated text in many languages - UD at
the token level and UniMorph at the type level. As each corpus is built by
different annotators, language-specific decisions hinder the goal of universal
schemata. With compatibility of tags, each project's annotations could be used
to validate the other's. Additionally, the availability of both type- and
token-level resources would be a boon to tasks such as parsing and homograph
disambiguation. To ease this interoperability, we present a deterministic
mapping from Universal Dependencies v2 features into the UniMorph schema. We
validate our approach by lookup in the UniMorph corpora and find a
macro-average of 64.13% recall. We also note incompatibilities due to paucity
of data on either side. Finally, we present a critical evaluation of the
foundations, strengths, and weaknesses of the two annotation projects.Comment: UDW1
Acute Diagnosis of Wilsonâs Disease in a Teenage Patient
Wilsonâs Disease, a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease, is caused by a mutation in the ATP7B enzyme gene. Without this enzyme, copper builds up in the brain, liver, and cornea causing a multitude of symptoms. It is important to consider Wilsonâs disease because the prognosis is dependent on timely diagnosis. This is an interesting case of a 19-year-old male who presented with suicidal thoughts and rapid weight loss. After many months and an extensive work-up, Wilsonâs Disease was diagnosed. Due to his rapid decline, he was transferred to a larger university healthcare center where he is currently enrolled in clinical trial for WTX101
Galaxy Formation In The Reionization Epoch As Hinted By Wide Field Camera 3 Observations Of The Hubble Ultra Deep Field
We present a large sample of candidate galaxies at z~7--10, selected in the
HUDF using the new observations made by the HST/WFC3. Our sample is composed of
20 z-dropouts, 15 Y-dropouts, and 20 J-dropouts. The surface densities of the
z-dropouts are close to what predicted by earlier studies, however, those of
the Y- and J-dropouts are quite unexpected. While no Y- or J-dropouts have been
found at AB < 28.0 mag, their surface densities seem to increase sharply at
fainter levels. While some of these candidates seem to be close to foreground
galaxies and thus could possibly be gravitationally lensed, the overall surface
densities after excluding such cases are still much higher than what would be
expected if the luminosity function does not evolve from z~7 to 10. Motivated
by such steep increases, we tentatively propose a set of Schechter function
parameters to describe the LFs at z~8 and 10. As compared to their counterpart
at z~7, here L* decreases by ~ 6.5x and Phi* increases by 17--90x. Although
such parameters are not yet demanded by the existing observations, they are
allowed and seem to agree with the data better than other alternatives. If
these LFs are still valid beyond our current detection limit, this would imply
a sudden emergence of a large number of low-luminosity galaxies when looking
back in time to z~10, which, while seemingly exotic, would naturally fit in the
picture of the cosmic hydrogen reionization. These early galaxies could easily
account for the ionizing photon budget required by the reionization, and they
would imply that the global star formation rate density might start from a very
high value at z~10, rapidly reach the minimum at z~7, and start to rise again
towards z~6. In this scenario, the majority of the stellar mass that the
universe assembled through the reionization epoch seems still undetected by
current observations at z~6. [Abridged]Comment: accepted for publication in Research in Astronomy and Astrophysic
Models of Care for High-Need, High-Cost Patients: An Evidence Synthesis
This brief analyzes experts' reviews of evidence about care models designed to improve outcomes and reduce costs for patients with complex needs. It finds that successful models have several common attributes: targeting patients likely to benefit from the intervention; comprehensively assessing patients' risks and needs; relying on evidence-based care planning and patient monitoring; promoting patient and family engagement in self-care; coordinating care and communication among patients and providers; facilitating transitions from the hospital and referrals to community resources; and providing appropriate care in accordance with patients' preferences. Overall, the evidence of impact is modest and few of these models have been widely adopted in practice because of barriers, such as a lack of supportive financial incentives under fee-for-service reimbursement arrangements. Overcoming these challenges will be essential to achieving a higher-performing health care system for this patient population
The PAS domain-containing histidine kinase RpfS is a second sensor for the diffusible signal factor of <em>Xanthomonas campestris</em>
Summary: A cell-cell signalling system mediated by the fatty acid signal DSF controls the virulence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) to plants. The synthesis and recognition of the DSF signal depends upon different Rpf proteins. DSF signal generation requires RpfF whereas signal perception and transduction depends upon the sensor RpfC and regulator RpfG. Detailed analyses of the regulatory roles of different Rpf proteins have suggested the occurrence of further sensors for DSF. Here we have used a mutagenesis approach coupled with high-resolution transcriptional analysis to identify XC_2579 (RpfS) as a second sensor for DSF in Xcc. RpfS is a complex sensor kinase predicted to have multiple Per/Arnt/Sim (PAS) domains, a histidine kinase domain and a C-terminal receiver (REC) domain. Isothermal calorimetry showed that DSF bound to the isolated N-terminal PAS domain with a Kd of 1.4ÎŒM. RpfS controlled expression of a sub-set of genes distinct from those controlled by RpfC to include genes involved in type IV secretion and chemotaxis. Mutation of XC_2579 was associated with a reduction in virulence of Xcc to Chinese Radish when assayed by leaf spraying but not by leaf inoculation, suggesting a role for RpfS-controlled factors in the epiphytic phase of the disease cycle.</p
The Seasonal Variation of Ultrasonic Vocalizations Produced by Weddell Seals (Leptonychotes Weddellii) in Mcmurdo Sound, Antarctica with Ambient Illumination Levels
30 pagesWeddell Seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) are a species of polar seal found circumpolar in the waters of Antarctica. This species, like all marine mammals, use highly complex vocalizations to communicate in aquatic environments over vast distances, and phocids as a group are thought to have exceptionally extensive vocal repertoires. Until last year it was believed that all phocids (seals) did not utilize vocalizations in the ultrasonic frequency range (>20 kHz) and only used sonic vocalizations. In a paper by Cziko et al., it was demonstrated that Weddell Seals frequently used ultrasonic vocalizations. The vocal repertoire of Weddell Seals is extensive, even for phocids, and it varies in the composition of unique call types throughout the year. The reason for these yearly variations is unknown and understudied but may fluctuate with abiotic factors in the Weddell Sealâs habitat, such as illumination. The aim of this study is to ascertain the purpose of ultrasonic vocalizations in the lives of Weddell Seals. Acoustic data were collected by the McMurdo Observation Station in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (S 77.8510, E 166.6645) for 25 months. This data was analyzed by a human analyst with the acoustic analysis software, Raven, created by the Cornell Ornithology Lab. Ambient illumination levels were calculated using a Solar Elevation Calculator created by NOAA. There was a distinct peak in gross documented ultrasonic vocalizations in the austral winter, June, which is the darkest point of the year at this latitude. There were also variations in the predominant vocalization category of documented calls, the duration of specific calls, and the spectrographic signatures of some calls throughout the year. The reason for these variations is speculative as more specialized are needed
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