7,297 research outputs found
Buffalo Habitat for Humanity: The Challenges and Prospects of Green Building
Habitat for Humanity Buffalo has operated since 1985, and in that time has rehabilitated or built more than 150 homes in the cities of Buffalo and Lackawanna. An affiliate of Habitat for Humanity International (HFHI), Habitat builds affordable housing for qualified low-income people. Once approved, homeowners must put 500 hours of “sweat equity” into Habitat projects, including their homeowner education. In return, they receive a zero-interest mortgage, the proceeds of which pay their property taxes and homeowner’s insurance, as well as support the rehabilitation or construction of more Habitat homes in the Buffalo area
An approximate viscous shock layer technique for calculating chemically reacting hypersonic flows about blunt-nosed bodies
An approximate axisymmetric method was developed which can reliably calculate fully viscous hypersonic flows over blunt nosed bodies. By substituting Maslen's second order pressure expression for the normal momentum equation, a simplified form of the viscous shock layer (VSL) equations is obtained. This approach can solve both the subsonic and supersonic regions of the shock layer without a starting solution for the shock shape. The approach is applicable to perfect gas, equilibrium, and nonequilibrium flowfields. Since the method is fully viscous, the problems associated with a boundary layer solution with an inviscid layer solution are avoided. This procedure is significantly faster than the parabolized Navier-Stokes (PNS) or VSL solvers and would be useful in a preliminary design environment. Problems associated with a previously developed approximate VSL technique are addressed before extending the method to nonequilibrium calculations. Perfect gas (laminar and turbulent), equilibrium, and nonequilibrium solutions were generated for airflows over several analytic body shapes. Surface heat transfer, skin friction, and pressure predictions are comparable to VSL results. In addition, computed heating rates are in good agreement with experimental data. The present technique generates its own shock shape as part of its solution, and therefore could be used to provide more accurate initial shock shapes for higher order procedures which require starting solutions
Four wave mixing with self-phase matching due to collective atomic recoil
We describe a method for non-degenerate four-wave mixing in a cold sample of
4-level atoms. An integral part of the four-wave mixing process is a
collective instability which spontaneously generates a periodic density
modulation in the cold atomic sample with a period equal to half of the
wavelength of the generated high-frequency optical field. Due to the generation
of this density modulation, phase-matching between the pump and scattered
fields is not a necessary initial condition for this wave-mixing process to
occur, rather the density modulation acts to "self phase-match" the fields
during the course of the wave-mixing process. We describe a one-dimensional
model of this process, and suggest a proof-of-principle experiment which would
involve pumping a sample of cold Cs atoms with three infra-red pump fields to
produce blue light.Comment: to appear in Physical Review Letter
Goldstone Theorem in the Gaussian Functional Approximation to the Scalar Theory
We verify the Goldstone theorem in the Gaussian functional approximation to
the theory with internal O(2) symmetry. We do so by reformulating
the Gaussian approximation in terms of Schwinger-Dyson equations from which an
explicit demonstration of the Goldstone theorem follows directly.Comment: 11 page
The addition of algebraic turbulence modeling to program LAURA
The Langley Aerothermodynamic Upwind Relaxation Algorithm (LAURA) is modified to allow the calculation of turbulent flows. This is accomplished using the Cebeci-Smith and Baldwin-Lomax eddy-viscosity models in conjunction with the thin-layer Navier-Stokes options of the program. Turbulent calculations can be performed for both perfect-gas and equilibrium flows. However, a requirement of the models is that the flow be attached. It is seen that for slender bodies, adequate resolution of the boundary-layer gradients may require more cells in the normal direction than a laminar solution, even when grid stretching is employed. Results for axisymmetric and three-dimensional flows are presented. Comparison with experimental data and other numerical results reveal generally good agreement, except in the regions of detached flow
Towards Zeptosecond-Scale Pulses from X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers
The short wavelength and high peak power of the present generation of
free-electron lasers (FELs) opens the possibility of ultra-short pulses even
surpassing the present (tens to hundreds of attoseconds) capabilities of other
light sources - but only if x-ray FELs can be made to generate pulses
consisting of just a few optical cycles. For hard x-ray operation (~0.1nm),
this corresponds to durations of approximately a single attosecond, and below
into the zeptosecond scale. This talk will describe a novel method to generate
trains of few-cycle pulses, at GW peak powers, from existing x-ray FEL
facilities by using a relatively short 'afterburner'. Such pulses would enhance
research opportunity in atomic dynamics and push capability towards the
investigation of electronic-nuclear and nuclear dynamics. The corresponding
multi-colour spectral output, with a bandwidth envelope increased by up to two
orders of magnitudes over SASE, also has potential applications.Comment: Submitted to 35th International Free Electron Laser Conference, New
York, 201
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