がん化学療法中の学童のための食生活セルフマネジメント個別支援プログラム

内容の要約広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(看護学)Doctor of Philosophy in Nursingdoctora

Nursing students' learning experiences of pediatric nursing practice in kindergarten : learning contents' trait and significance of the context of fundamental education-

小児看護学実習における学生の学習経験を明らかにすることを目的として、研究を行った.H大学の小児看護学実習を経験した学生117名を対象に、まとめのカンファレンス・ノート記録2年分を資料とし、KJ法を用いて分析した.本稿では、幼稚園実習に焦点を当て報告する.1.幼稚園実習における学生の学習経験は、【自分の力を生かしている子どものありようの理解】【子どもの現実に身を置く言動や態度の習得】の2つのカテゴリーから構成されていた.2.【自分の力を生かしている子どものありようの理解】【子どもの現実に身を置く言動や態度の習得】の2つのカテゴリー間には、相反する内容と共通する内容が存在していた.共通する内容としては遊びがあり、全体としては、相互に作用していた.3.幼稚園実習の意義として、子どもの主体性や生き生きしさに対応する大人の役割認識と遊びの認識、そして、子どもに学ぶ人との関わりの豊かさへの実感が示唆された.4.教育への示唆として、小児看護に重要な子どものトータルケアに繋がる実践的な子ども観の涵養、観察やコミュニケーション技術の基盤となる見ること、聞くことの体験という基礎教育における幼稚園実習の役割の一旦を知ることができた.This research was undertaken to investigate the learning experiences of students in the context of. pediatric nursing practice. We conducted an analysis (using the KJ method) targeting 117 students who had pediatric nursing practice experience at H University, using two years of summarized conference notes as materials. This paper presents a report with a focus on learning experience in kindergarten. 1) Nursing students' learning experiences in kindergarten can be divided into two main categories: "Understanding of the nature of children expressing their strengths and abilities" and "Learning language and behavior from the perspective of a childs reality" 2) A comparison of these two categories showed both contrasting elements and common elements. "Play" -which was one of the common elements- interacted with all of the other elements present. 3) This is an indication of the significance of pediatric nursing practice in kindergartern : during this research, we got a strong sense of an awareness of "play" and an awareness of the adults role in response to the childs sense of identity and vitality. 4) In terms of the implications for education in general, we were able to grasp, to some extent, the role of training in kindergarten among the context of fundamental education - that is, the experience of watching and listening, which forms the foundation of observation and communication skills, as well as practical skills in cultivating the child's sense of self. All of these tie into the concept of “total care,” an important concept for nursing care of children and families in general

Transcriptional Repression of Cdc25B by IER5 Inhibits the Proliferation of Leukemic Progenitor Cells through NF-YB and p300 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

The immediately-early response gene 5 (IER5) has been reported to be induced by γ-ray irradiation and to play a role in the induction of cell death caused by radiation. We previously identified IER5 as one of the 2,3,4-tribromo-3-methyl-1-phenylphospholane 1-oxide (TMPP)-induced transcriptional responses in AML cells, using microarrays that encompassed the entire human genome. However, the biochemical pathway and mechanisms of IER5 function in regulation of the cell cycle remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the involvement of IER5 in the cell cycle and in cell proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. We found that the over-expression of IER5 in AML cell lines and in AML-derived ALDHhi (High Aldehyde Dehydrogenase activity)/CD34+ cells inhibited their proliferation compared to control cells, through induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest and a decrease in Cdc25B expression. Moreover, the over-expression of IER5 reduced colony formation of AML-derived ALDHhi/CD34+ cells due to a decrease in Cdc25B expression. In addition, over-expression of Cdc25B restored TMPP inhibitory effects on colony formation in IER5-suppressed AML-derived ALDHhi/CD34+ cells. Furthermore, the IER5 reduced Cdc25B mRNA expression through direct binding to Cdc25B promoter and mediated its transcriptional attenuation through NF-YB and p300 transcriptinal factors. In summary, we found that transcriptional repression mediated by IER5 regulates Cdc25B expression levels via the release of NF-YB and p300 in AML-derived ALDHhi/CD34+ cells, resulting in inhibition of AML progenitor cell proliferation through modulation of cell cycle. Thus, the induction of IER5 expression represents an attractive target for AML therapy

Spread of infection and treatment interruption among Japanese workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in treatment interruption for chronic diseases. The scale of COVID-19 in Japan has varied greatly in terms of the scale of infection and the speed of spread depending on the region. This study aimed to examine the relationship between local infection level and treatment interruption among Japanese workers.MethodsCross-sectional internet survey was conducted from December 22 to 26, 2020. Of 33,302 participants, 9,510 (5,392 males and 4,118 females) who responded that they required regular treatment were included in the analysis. The infection level in each participant's prefecture of residence was assessed based on the incidence rate (per 1,000 population) and the number of people infected. Age-sex and multivariate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of regional infection levels associated with treatment interruption were estimated by multilevel logistic models, nested by prefecture of residence. The multivariate model was adjusted for sex, age, marital status, equivalent household income, educational level, occupation, self-rated health status and anxiety.ResultsThe ORs of treatment interruption for the lowest and highest levels of infection in the region were 1.32 [95 % confidence interval (CI) were 1.09–1.59] for the overall morbidity rate (per 1,000) and 1.34 (95 % CI 1.10–1.63) for the overall number of people infected. Higher local infection levels were linked to a greater number of workers experiencing treatment interruption.ConclusionsHigher local infection levels were linked to more workers experiencing treatment interruption. Our results suggest that apart from individual characteristics such as socioeconomic and health status, treatment interruption during the pandemic is also subject to contextual effects related to regional infection levels. Preventing community spread of COVID-19 may thus protect individuals from indirect effects of the pandemic, such as treatment interruption

Astaxanthin prevents and reverses diet-induced insulin resistance and steatohepatitis in mice: A comparison with Vitamin E

Hepatic insulin resistance and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) could be caused by excessive hepatic lipid accumulation and peroxidation. Vitamin E has become a standard treatment for NASH. However, astaxanthin, an antioxidant carotenoid, inhibits lipid peroxidation more potently than Vitamin E. Here, we compared the effects of astaxanthin and Vitamin E in NASH. We first demonstrated that astaxanthin ameliorated hepatic steatosis in both genetically (ob/ob) and high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. In a lipotoxic model of NASH: mice fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet, astaxanthin alleviated excessive hepatic lipid accumulation and peroxidation, increased the proportion of M1-type macrophages/Kupffer cells, and activated stellate cells to improve hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, astaxanthin caused an M2-dominant shift in macrophages/Kupffer cells and a subsequent reduction in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell recruitment in the liver, which contributed to improved insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation. Importantly, astaxanthin reversed insulin resistance, as well as hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, in pre-existing NASH. Overall, astaxanthin was more effective at both preventing and treating NASH compared with Vitamin E in mice. Furthermore, astaxanthin improved hepatic steatosis and tended to ameliorate the progression of NASH in biopsy-proven human subjects. These results suggest that astaxanthin might be a novel and promising treatment for NASH