206 research outputs found
3rd Place: Kidney Disease in Pregnancy: Initial Blood Pressure as a Risk Factor for Preeclampsia
2018 Research Scholar Winner:
3rd Place
Mentor: Sharon Maynard, M
Effets dâun dispositif plurilingue dâenseignement de lâorthographe grammaticale française sur les apprentissages dâĂ©lĂšves du secondaire en milieu pluriethnique et plurilingue
Cotutelle UniversitĂ© de MontrĂ©al - UniversitĂ© Grenoble AlpesDes vagues dâimmigration successives ont fait du QueÌbec le lieu dâune importante diversiteÌ linguistique et culturelle. Ainsi, de nombreux eÌleÌves bi/plurilingues sont maintenant scolariseÌs dans les classes ordinaires des eÌcoles francophones queÌbeÌcoises, notamment au secondaire. Pour ces eÌleÌves, lâapprentissage de lâeÌcriture est bien souvent un deÌfi de taille. Lâapprentissage de lâorthographe grammaticale (OG) du français, plus speÌcifiquement, constitue un obstacle important au deÌveloppement de leur compeÌtence aÌ eÌcrire. Cet obstacle se preÌsente dâailleurs pour lâensemble des eÌleÌves scolariseÌs dans cette langue. Les accords verbaux et adjectivaux de meÌme que le choix des terminaisons verbales en /E/ sont entre autres la source de difficulteÌs marqueÌes (Brissaud, Chevrot et Lefrançois, 2006 ; Manesse et Cogis, 2007). La preÌsente recherche doctorale vise donc aÌ contribuer aÌ lâidentification de dispositifs favorisant lâapprentissage de lâOG française dâeÌleÌves bi/plurilingues scolariseÌs en classe ordinaire au secondaire en milieu pluriethnique et plurilingue.
Conçues en reÌponse aux difficulteÌs des eÌleÌves en contexte de langue premieÌre, certaines interventions tendent aÌ avoir des effets positifs sur leur apprentissage de lâOG, telles que les dicteÌes meÌtacognitives (Nadeau et Fisher, 2014) et une approche inteÌgreÌe dâenseignement de lâorthographe (Allal et al., 2001). Dans notre theÌse, nous avons conçu un dispositif qui sâinspire de ces interventions et, afin de prendre en compte les speÌcificiteÌs des milieux scolaires pluriethniques et plurilingues, nous avons inteÌgreÌ des approches plurilingues aÌ ce dispositif. Ces approches sont susceptibles dâengager les eÌleÌves bi/plurilingues dans leurs apprentissages et de favoriser le deÌveloppement de capaciteÌs meÌtalinguistiques, en plus de soutenir dâeÌventuels transferts entre les langues (Cummins, 2009 ; de Pietro, 2003 ; Moore, 2006).
Câest ainsi que nous avons conçu un « dispositif plurilingue » dâenseignement de lâOG française. Ce dispositif allie la production de textes identitaires plurilingues (Cummins et Early, 2011) et la mise en Ćuvre de dicteÌes meÌtacognitives soutenues par des approches plurilingues, qui prennent la forme dâactiviteÌs dâeÌveil aux langues (Armand, 2014 ; Auger, 2014) et de pratiques translinguistiques (Candelier et de Pietro, 2008 ; GarciÌa et Kano, 2014). Nous avons testeÌ lâhypotheÌse selon laquelle ce dispositif plurilingue favoriserait le deÌveloppement de la compeÌtence des eÌleÌves en OG en français. AÌ cette fin, nous lâavons mis aÌ lâessai aupreÌs dâeÌleÌves bi/plurilingues de premieÌre secondaire (groupe expeÌrimental 1 ; n = 79), puis nous avons compareÌ ses effets avec ceux dâun « dispositif monolingue » dâenseignement de lâOG (groupe expeÌrimental 2 ; n = 70), qui allie approche inteÌgreÌe et dicteÌes meÌtacognitives, en français seulement, et avec ceux de pratiques habituelles dâenseignement de lâOG (groupe controÌle ; n = 46). Nous avons eÌvalueÌ la compeÌtence en OG de lâensemble des eÌleÌves au moyen dâune dicteÌe et dâune production eÌcrite guideÌe. Des entretiens meÌtagraphiques reÌaliseÌs aupreÌs dâun nombre cibleÌ de participants des trois groupes (au total, n = 24) ont eÌgalement permis une compreÌhension plus fine de lâeÌvolution de leurs proceÌdures graphiques. La passation de ces outils sâest effectueÌe aÌ trois reprises: avant lâintervention (preÌtest), immeÌdiatement apreÌs lâintervention (posttest immeÌdiat) et cinq semaines apreÌs lâintervention (posttest diffeÌreÌ).
Au terme de notre recherche, nous constatons que le dispositif plurilingue apporte une contribution significativement plus grande au deÌveloppement de la compeÌtence en OG en français que des pratiques habituelles dâenseignement de lâOG. De plus, ce dispositif contribue tout autant, voire plus, aÌ ce deÌveloppement que le dispositif monolingue, alors que les effets propres au dispositif plurilingue se preÌsentent notamment sous la forme dâun ancrage des apprentissages des eÌleÌves dans la dureÌe. En effet, au posttest diffeÌreÌ, seules les performances globales aÌ la dicteÌe des eÌleÌves du groupe expeÌrimental1 sont significativement supeÌrieures aÌ celles des eÌleÌves au groupe controÌle. Quant aux performances globales aÌ la production eÌcrite guideÌe, celles des eÌleÌves des groupes expeÌrimentaux 1 et 2 sont significativement supeÌrieures aÌ celles des eÌleÌves du groupe controÌle. Enfin, au moyen des donneÌes tireÌes des entretiens meÌtagraphiques, nous constatons lâexistence dâun lien entre les plus grands progreÌs dans les performances globales des eÌleÌves des groupes expeÌrimentaux 1 et 2 et lâaugmentation du recours aÌ des proceÌdures morphosyntaxiques et aÌ des proceÌdures de remplacement, une tendance qui ne se deÌgage pas des reÌsultats obtenus dans le groupe controÌle.Successive waves of immigrants have turned the province of Quebec into a place of great linguistic and cultural diversity. Thus, many bi/plurilingual students are now attending regular classes in Quebecâs French-language schools, particularly in high school. For these students, learning to write is often a challenge. The grammatical morphology (GM) of French, more specifically, constitutes an important obstacle to the development of their writing skills, an obstacle shared by all students of French regardless of their mother- tongue. Verbal and adjective agreements as well as the choice of verbal endings in /E/ are some of the greatest difficulties (Chevrot, Brissaud & Lefrançois, 2006; Manesse & Cogis, 2007). The present doctoral research aims to contribute to the identification of approaches promoting the learning of the French GM of bi/plurilingual students attending regular high school classes in a multi-ethnic and multilingual environment.
In order to address studentsâ difficulties in a first language learning context, certain teaching practices, such as an integrated approach to teaching spelling and metacognitive dictations, tend to have positive effects on studentsâ GM development (Allal et al., 2001; Nadeau & Fisher, 2014). In our thesis, we designed an approach inspired by these practices. Furthermore, in order to take into account the specificities of multi-ethnic and multilingual school environments, we integrated plurilingual pedagogical practices to this approach. Those practices are likely to engage bi/plurilingual students in their learning and to promote the development of metalinguistic abilities, in addition to supporting possible transfers between languages (de Pietro, 2003; Moore 2006; Cummins 2009).
Thus, we tailored a âplurilingual approachâ for teaching French GM. This approach combines the writing of plurilingual identity texts (Cummins & Early, 2011) and metacognitive dictations supported by plurilingual pedagogical practices. Those practices consisted of language awareness activities (Armand, 2014; Auger, 2014) and translinguistic practices (Candelier & de Pietro, 2008; Garcia & Kano, 2014). We verified the hypothesis according to which our plurilingual approach would promote the development of studentâs GM in French. To this end, we tested this plurilingual approach with bi/plurilingual first-year secondary students (experimental group 1, n = 79). We then compared its effects with those of a âmonolingual approachâ for teaching French GM (experimental group 2, n = 70), which combines an integrated approach of teaching spelling and metacognitive dictations, in French only, and with those of usual GM teaching practices (control group, n = 46). We assessed the GM skills of all students through a dictation and a guided written production. Metagraphic interviews with a targeted number of participants from all three groups (in total, n = 24) also provided a deeper understanding of the evolution of their graphical procedures. These data collection tools were used three times: before the experimentation (pre-test), immediately after the experimentation (immediate post-test) and five weeks after the experimentation (delayed post-test).
At the end of our research, we found that the plurilingual approach makes a significantly greater contribution to the development of GM in French than usual teaching practices. Moreover, this approach contributes as much, if not more, to this development as the monolingual approach, while the effects specific to the plurilingual approach involve the rooting of the skills learned by students over time. Indeed, at the delayed posttest, only the dictation overall performances of students in experimental group 1 are significantly higher than those of students in the control group. As for written production overall performances, both those in experimental groups 1 and 2 are significantly higher than those in the control group. Finally, using data from the metagraphic interviews, we find a link between the greatest progress in the overall performances of students in experimental groups 1 and 2 and the increase in the use of morphosyntactic procedures and substitution procedures, a trend that does not emerge from the results obtained in the control group
Ărick Falardeau, Joaquim Dolz, Jean-Louis Dumortier et Pascale Lefrançois (dir.), LâĂ©valuation en classe de français, outil didactique et politique
Cet ouvrage veut faire un tour dâhorizon des pratiques dâĂ©valuation des compĂ©tences des Ă©lĂšves en comprĂ©hension et en production Ă©crites. Il Ă©claire ces pratiques sous deux angles : celui des pratiques dâĂ©valuation en classe et celui des tests dâĂ©valuation certificative sur les plans national et international. La premiĂšre partie aborde les pratiques Ă©valuatives dans la classe en ce qui a trait Ă lâenseignement-apprentissage de lâĂ©criture. Pour ce qui est de lâĂ©criture du genre fait divers, Mo..
Forces et limites dâun dispositif plurilingue pour soutenir lâapprentissage de lâorthographe grammaticale française par des Ă©lĂšves bi/plurilingues
Learning French grammatical morphology (GM) poses great challenges for students, both in first and second languages (Lefrançois et al., 2008). This study examines the potential of a plurilingual method for teaching French GM in a first-year secondary school in Quebec. Implementing a pedagogical translanguaging approach (Cenoz & Gorter, 2020; Garcia et al., 2017) and including language awareness activities (Auger, 2014), this method also includes metacognitive dictations (Nadeau & Fisher, 2014) and an integrated approach (Allal, 2018). Using dictations and written production as pretests and posttests, we compared the effects of this plurilingual method with a monolingual method for various grammatical features, namely, subject-verb agreement, adjectives, past participle with to be, /E/ verb endings. We found that the plurilingual method supports learning over time for two specific features, adjectives and the past participle with to be.Lâapprentissage de lâorthographe grammaticale (OG) française pose de grands dĂ©fis aux Ă©lĂšves, tant en langue premiĂšre quâen langue seconde (Lefrançois et al., 2008). Dans ce contexte, notre Ă©tude sâintĂ©resse Ă lâexpĂ©rimentation dâun «âdispositif plurilingueâ» dâenseignement de lâOG française auprĂšs dâĂ©lĂšves bi/plurilingues de premiĂšre secondaire au QuĂ©bec. Mettant en Ćuvre une pĂ©dagogie du translanguaging (Cenoz et Gorter, 2020; Garcia et al., 2017) et comportant des activitĂ©s dâĂ©veil aux langues (Auger, 2014), ce dispositif inclut Ă©galement des dictĂ©es mĂ©tacognitives (Nadeau et Fisher, 2014) et une approche intĂ©grĂ©e (Allal, 2018). Des prĂ©tests et des posttests (dictĂ©es et productions Ă©crites) ont permis dâĂ©valuer les effets du dispositif pour certains objets spĂ©cifiquement (accord du verbe, de lâadjectif et du participe passĂ© avec ĂȘtre [PPE], terminaisons verbales en /E/), en comparaison avec un dispositif monolingue et des pratiques habituelles dâenseignement. Il est notamment constatĂ© quâune force particuliĂšre du dispositif plurilingue est dâancrer les apprentissages dans la durĂ©e pour lâaccord de lâadjectif et du PPE
Effets de lâĂ©criture de textes identitaires, soutenue par des ateliers dâexpression thĂ©Ăątrale plurilingues, sur le rapport Ă lâĂ©crit dâĂ©lĂšves immigrants allophones en situation de grand retard scolaire
Le prĂ©sent mĂ©moire expose les effets de pratiques dâĂ©criture de textes identitaires plurilingues, soutenues par des ateliers dâexpression thĂ©Ăątrale plurilingues, sur le rapport Ă lâĂ©crit dâĂ©lĂšves immigrants allophones nouvellement arrivĂ©s en situation de grand retard scolaire au secondaire, et ce, tout au long dâune recherche-action visant le dĂ©veloppement de lâĂ©criture. Puis, ces effets sont comparĂ©s avec ceux de pratiques traditionnelles dâenseignement de lâĂ©criture. Un groupe expĂ©rimental et un groupe contrĂŽle ont participĂ© Ă cette Ă©tude de cas multiples.
Des observations participantes et des entretiens individuels semi-dirigĂ©s ont permis de dresser le portrait du rapport Ă lâĂ©crit des huit Ă©lĂšves participant Ă notre recherche. Dans ce rapport Ă lâĂ©crit est considĂ©rĂ© lâengagement dans la littĂ©ratie des Ă©lĂšves, un concept clĂ© Ă prendre en compte en didactique des langues secondes. Nous proposons ainsi lâĂ©tude dâune nouvelle notion : le rapport Ă lâĂ©crit teintĂ© du concept dâengagement (RĂ+). Les rĂ©sultats de ce mĂ©moire confirment la pertinence de lâapproche novatrice mise en place, qui agit sur les quatre dimensions du RĂ+ (affective, praxĂ©ologique, conceptuelle et axiologique). Elle permet notamment aux Ă©lĂšves dâassocier lâĂ©criture Ă des sentiments positifs et les amĂšne Ă poser un regard rĂ©flexif sur la langue associĂ© au dĂ©veloppement dâhabiletĂ©s mĂ©tacognitives. De tels effets sont diffĂ©rents de ceux de pratiques traditionnelles dâenseignement de lâĂ©criture, qui ne paraissent pas en mesure dâengager pleinement, affectivement et cognitivement, les Ă©lĂšves dans les tĂąches dâĂ©criture.This study explores the effects of the writing of multilingual identity texts, supported by multilingual drama expression workshops, on the relationship with writing of French as a second language (FSL) learners. Additionally, we compare these effects with traditional teaching practices for writing. The participants were recent immigrants with limited prior schooling educated at the secondary school level.
This multiple case study was performed with both an experimental group and a control group. Participant observations and semi-directed interviews were conducted with each of the eight participants in order to describe their relationship with writing.
The main contribution of this research project is that the researcher links a key concept in second language teaching, studentsâ literacy engagement, to their relationship with writing. Thus a new notion is proposed: the FSL studentsâ relationship with writing enhanced by literacy engagement (designated with the abbreviation âRĂ+â in French).
Results confirm the relevance of this innovative approach which has an influence on the four dimensions of RĂ+: affective, praxeological, conceptual and axiological. The benefits of this approach are that students associate writing with positive feelings. Moreover, they adopt an analytical point of view on language learning, which leads to the development of metacognitive abilities. In essence, the effects on RĂ+ are different from those of traditional writing teaching practices, which, in comparison, seem unable to fully engage students emotionally and cognitively in writing tasks
THOMAS P. ANSHUTZ: A REAPPRAISAL OF EAKINS' PUPIL AS AN ARTIST AND TEACHER
Though seldom mentioned in surveys of American art,
Thomas Anshutz, through his connection with the Pennsylvania
Academy of Fine Arts--for over thirty-six years--first as
student, then as teacher and director; came in contact with
many painters who became leaders in art in this country. Further
investigation of Anshutz and his relationship to Eakins,
to the Eight and other contemporaries, seems necessary. Obviously
Anshutz has been severely underestimated as an artist
and teacher.
The predominating influence in Anshutz's career was
Thomas Eakins. The Eakins years from 1876 to 1891, include
time spent with Eakins while a student as well as Anshutz's
early teaching years. This time span was the most productive
in terms of his painting output and produced the well known
Steel Workers, Noontime. After his first trip to Europe in
1892, Anshutz evolved away from Eakins stylistically to a
brighter more painterly oeuvre. However, Anshutz continued
the tradition of Eakins and his significance as a teacher
seems to lie in what he was able to convey to his students
of Eakins' methods rather than any original contribution on
his own part.
As an artist his works are uneven in quality. Other
than some promising landscapes of the 1890s he never again
achieved the pinnacle of Steel Workers, Noontime. He remains
an obscure artist known solely for his one masterpiece and
for his influence on his famous pupils, who revered him
Rapport Ă lâĂ©crit et engagement dans la littĂ©ratie en contexte de langue seconde
Cet article prĂ©sente une rĂ©flexion, issue de la problĂ©matique et du cadre conceptuel dâun mĂ©moire de maĂźtrise, portant sur les facteurs susceptibles de favoriser lâapprentissage de lâĂ©criture en langue seconde par des Ă©lĂšves immigrants allophones nouvellement arrivĂ©s au QuĂ©bec et scolarisĂ©s en classe dâaccueil. Plus spĂ©cifiquement, Ă la suite de la prĂ©sentation de deux facteurs qui ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s, en langue maternelle ou en langue seconde, comme Ă©lĂ©ments dĂ©terminants de la rĂ©ussite de cet apprentissage, soit lâengagement dans la littĂ©ratie et le rapport Ă lâĂ©crit, nous en venons Ă proposer une nouvelle notion : le rapport Ă lâĂ©crit teintĂ© du concept dâengagement, que nous nommons le RĂ+. Cette proposition de RĂ+ permet dâentrevoir la recherche en didactique de lâĂ©criture en français L2 sous un angle plus adaptĂ© aux populations des milieux scolaires pluriethniques et plurilingues
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