How export-led growth can lead to take-off

Export-led growth has gained considerable prominence as a model for economic development since its use by East Asian newly industrializing countries. Thus, the question of how it can be used by other countries wishing to industrialize and under what circumstances it can lead to the take-off of an economy is highly relevant for development policy. In light of current macroeconomic imbalances on the global stage, the question of sustainability arises: Is take-off by export-led growth possible without permanent balance-of-trade surpluses? The article gives a brief overview and offers thoughts into various ways in which the impetus of exportled growth for the overall economy might work.development, export-led growth, export base, industrialization, industrial policy, take-off, comparative advantage, new trade theory

Cluster policy as a development strategy: Case studies from the Middle East and North Africa

Cluster policy has become a method of choice for policymakers in many countries. Promoting strong localized industries is an appealing perspective for practitioners, as it can be seen as a way to anchor economic activity in regions in an era of globalization. If cluster policy is successful, it can contribute to the creation of employment and to the initiation of growth processes in urban regions and even in some rural ones. This makes cluster policy an interesting tool for economic policy in developing countries. This article offers some theoretical considerations on the use of cluster policy and presents case studies from Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria

How export-led growth can lead to take-off

Export-led growth has gained considerable prominence as a model for economic development since its use by East Asian newly industrializing countries. Thus, the question of how it can be used by other countries wishing to industrialize and under what circumstances it can lead to the take-off of an economy is highly relevant for development policy. In light of current macroeconomic imbalances on the global stage, the question of sustainability arises: Is take-off by export-led growth possible without permanent balance-of-trade surpluses? The article gives a brief overview and offers thoughts into various ways in which the impetus of exportled growth for the overall economy might work

Example Setups of Navier-Stokes Equations with Control and Observation: Spatial Discretization and Representation via Linear-quadratic Matrix Coefficients

We provide spatial discretizations of nonlinear incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with inputs and outputs in the form of matrices ready to use in any numerical linear algebra package. We discuss the assembling of the system operators and the realization of boundary conditions and inputs and outputs. We describe the two benchmark problems - the driven cavity and the cylinder wake - and provide the corresponding data. The use of the data is illustrated by numerous example setups. The test cases are provided as plain PYTHON or OCTAVE/MATLAB script files for immediate replication

Designing Comprehensive Cluster Policies in Developing Countries: Perspectives for Morocco

Cluster policy has arrived at the mainstream of economic policy since the early 1990. In many developing countries including those on the African continent, clusters on the regional and local levels have been promoted. The North African countries offer an interesting case because of their proximity to European markets, the necessity to employ policies that enhance growth and create employment opportunities due to their high youth unemployment, and their comparatively high technological level. This makes innovation-related methods of cluster promotion feasible in these countries, while at the same time clusters in rural regions require more efficiency-oriented approaches. This calls for a comprehensive strategy of cluster promotion which is suggested and elaborated here for Morocco

Tourismuspolitik in Marokko: ein großer Wurf für wirtschaftliche Entwicklung?

Recent political transformations in Arab countries suggest that solutions have to be found for the problem of lacking economic prospects and particularly of high youth unemployment. Such solutions have to consist of economic growth that unfolds widespread employment effects. A tourism policy that opens up perspectives for employment to people in many parts of a country can contribute to such a solution. This is even more the case because of tourism's high labour intensity and the physical assets of Arab countries and in particular of the northern African mediterranean countries. Morocco can serve as an example as to what degree tourism policy can live up to these high expectations

Towards a policy to promote tourism clusters

When thinking about clusters, primarily agglomerations of manufacturing and related service industries come into mind. Yet, clustering in tourism is as salient as in few other industries. Tourism clusters are an empirical fact. Considering the high relevance of tourism to many regions and nations, linking cluster and tourism policy seems worth considering. For this, a special theory of tourism cluster policy is needed, as tourism offers some particular characteristics that set it apart from other industries. On the basis of an analysis of these specifics, this article develops a toolbox for cluster policy specifically aimed at agglomerations in the tourism industry. It offers an overview of ways to use tourism agglomerations for the economic development of nations and regions, including rural ones

Designing Comprehensive Cluster Policies in Developing Countries: Perspectives for Morocco

Cluster policy has arrived at the mainstream of economic policy since the early 1990. In many developing countries including those on the African continent, clusters on the regional and local levels have been promoted. The North African countries offer an interesting case because of their proximity to European markets, the necessity to employ policies that enhance growth and create employment opportunities due to their high youth unemployment, and their comparatively high technological level. This makes innovation-related methods of cluster promotion feasible in these countries, while at the same time clusters in rural regions require more efficiency-oriented approaches. This calls for a comprehensive strategy of cluster promotion which is suggested and elaborated here for Morocco

Clusterwettbewerbe: Eine Option für Entwicklungsländer?

Cluster policy has gained remarkable prominence in regional and sectoral structural policy in industrialized countries. Instead of compensating for weaknesses it focuses on strengths in the local and regional economic structure. In Germany, handing out regional development funds in competitions has been tried. This instrument is intended to promote the use of cluster potentials on the local and regional levels. But is this instrument applicable in development policy, too? In this context, some conditions and constraints have to be considered

Clusterwettbewerbe: Eine Option für Entwicklungsländer?

Cluster policy has gained remarkable prominence in regional and sectoral structural policy in industrialized countries. Instead of compensating for weaknesses it focuses on strengths in the local and regional economic structure. In Germany, handing out regional development funds in competitions has been tried. This instrument is intended to promote the use of cluster potentials on the local and regional levels. But is this instrument applicable in development policy, too? In this context, some conditions and constraints have to be considered