Accumulation of nuclear material in nuclear facilities an iterative approach in order to develop measuring stations

International audienceMeasuring the deposits of nuclear material accumulated during processes in nuclear facilities is a major challenge in terms of safety and criticality. The characterization of the nuclear material, holdup, has to be taken into account since the design of new facilities, but also during their operation, and finally for the dismantling of historic equipment and facilities. Considering the diversity of encountered configurations, the holdup measurement is specific to each case. In this context, the Nuclear Measurement Laboratory of CEA Cadarache is specialized in developing and implementing gamma and neutron measuring stations, based on preliminary design and performance assessment by numerical simulation, then on iterative calculations taking into account the feedback of field measurements. In this paper, we illustrate this approach on different case studies, such as glove boxes in hot labs, covering the design, exploita-tion and dismantling phases of nuclear equipment and facilities

Épidémiologie des infections invasives à pneumocoque de l’adulte, phase pilote du réseau SIIP

National audienc

Awareness and beliefs towards organ donation in chronic kidney disease patients in western India

Introduction: There is a wide discrepancy between demand for and availability of donor organs for organ transplantation. There is no study on awareness about organ donation in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in India. Objectives: To study the awareness and beliefs towards organ donation in CKD patients on hemodialysis in western India. Patients and Methods: Authors conducted a cross sectional study among 85 CKD patients to evaluate knowledge about and attitude towards organ donation at a tertiary hospital. Results: Age of respondents ranged from 15 to 75 years. All were aware of term organ donation and cadaver donation. About 47% of people heard about organ donation through hospital or from doctor. Strikingly, radio was not the source of information to any of the respondents, despite radio being one of the most common medium of mass communication. Almost one third of patients were unaware about any legislation regarding organ donation. All respondents felt that organs should go to the needy irrespective of their religion. About 70% feel that medical colleges should make decisions about organ donation in case of unclaimed dead bodies. About 31.76% believe that there is a danger that donated organs could be misused, abused or misappropriated. Conclusion: Our study shows about 31.76% of our participants believe that there is a danger that donated organs could be misused, abused or misappropriated. There seems to be paucity of information and awareness regarding organ donation among CKD patients. Mass media, religious and political leaders may be involved to maximize awareness about organ donation

Proposal for shorter antibiotic therapies.

Reducing antibiotic consumption has now become a major public health priority. Reducing treatment duration is one of the means to achieve this objective. Guidelines on the therapeutic management of the most frequent infections recommend ranges of treatment duration in the ratio of one to two. The Recommendation Group of the French Infectious Diseases Society (SPILF) was asked to collect literature data to then recommend the shortest treatment durations possible for various infections. Analysis of the literature focused on guidelines published in French and English, supported by a systematic search on PubMed. Articles dating from one year before the guidelines publication to August 31, 2015 were searched on the website. The shortest treatment durations based on the relevant clinical data were suggested for upper and lower respiratory tract infections, central venous catheter-related and uncomplicated primary bacteremia, infective endocarditis, bacterial meningitis, intra-abdominal, urinary tract, upper reproductive tract, bone and joint, skin and soft tissue infections, and febrile neutropenia. Details of analyzed articles were shown in tables. This work stresses the need for new well-conducted studies evaluating treatment durations for some common infections. Following the above-mentioned work focusing on existing literature data, the Recommendation Group of the SPILF suggests specific study proposals

Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD) in Adults : a french cohort survey

International audienc