There Goes the Neighborhood? People’s Attitudes and the Effects of Immigration to Australia

This paper compares the effects of immigration flows on economic outcomes and crime levels to the public opinion about these effects using individual and regional data for Australia. We employ an instrumental variables strategy to account for non-random location choices of immigrants and find that immigration has no adverse effects on regional unemployment rates, median incomes, or crime levels. This result is in line with the economic effects that people typically expect but does not confirm the public opinion about the contribution of immigration to higher crime levels, suggesting that Australians overestimate the effect of immigration on crime.effects of immigration, attitudes towards immigrants, international migration

People‘s Attitudes and the Eff ects of Immigration to Australia

This paper compares the eff ects of immigration fl ows on economic outcomes and crime levels to the public opinion about these eff ects using individual and regional data for Australia. We employ an instrumental variables strategy to account for non-random location choices of immigrants and fi nd that immigration has no adverse eff ects on regional unemployment rates, median incomes, or crime levels. This result is in line with the economic eff ects that people typically expect but does not confi rm the public opinion about the contribution of immigration to higher crime levels, suggesting that Australians overestimate the eff ect of immigration on crime.International migration; eff ects of immigration; attitudes towards immigrants

There Goes the Neighborhood? People’s Attitudes and the Effects of Immigration to Australia

This paper compares the effects of immigration flows on economic outcomes and crime levels to the public opinion about these effects using individual and regional data for Australia. We employ an instrumental variables strategy to account for non-random location choices of immigrants and find that immigration has no adverse effects on regional unemployment rates, median incomes, or crime levels. This result is in line with the economic effects that people typically expect but does not confirm the public opinion about the contribution of immigration to higher crime levels, suggesting that Australians overestimate the effect of immigration on crime.

Oaxaca/Blinder decompositions for nonlinear models

This paper describes the estimation of a general Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition of the mean outcome differential of linear and nonlinear regression models. Departing from this general model, we show how it can be applied to different models with discrete and limited dependent variables.

Estimating double-hurdle models with dependent errors and heteroskedasticity

This paper describes the estimation of the parameters of a double-hurdle model in Stata. It is shown that the independent double-hurdle model can be estimated using a combination of existing commands. Likelihood evaluators to be used with Stata’s ml facilities are derived to illustrate how to fit independent and dependent inverse hyperbolic sine double-hurdle models with heteroskedasticity.

Crystal structures of Rea1-MIDAS bound to its ribosome assembly factor ligands resembling integrin-ligand-type complexes

The Rea1 AAA(+)-ATPase dislodges assembly factors from pre-60S ribosomes upon ATP hydrolysis, thereby driving ribosome biogenesis. Here, we present crystal structures of Rea1-MIDAS, the conserved domain at the tip of the flexible Rea1 tail, alone and in complex with its substrate ligands, the UBL domains of Rsa4 or Ytm1. These complexes have structural similarity to integrin alpha-subunit domains when bound to extracellular matrix ligands, which for integrin biology is a key determinant for force-bearing cell-cell adhesion. However, the presence of additional motifs equips Rea1-MIDAS for its tasks in ribosome maturation. One loop insert cofunctions as an NLS and to activate the mechanochemical Rea1 cycle, whereas an additional beta-hairpin provides an anchor to hold the ligand UBL domains in place. Our data show the versatility of the MIDAS fold for mechanical force transmission in processes as varied as integrin-mediated cell adhesion and mechanochemical removal of assembly factors from pre-ribosomes

60S ribosome biogenesis requires rotation of the 5S ribonucleoprotein particle

During eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis, nascent ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms pre-ribosomal particles containing ribosomal proteins and assembly factors. Subsequently, these immature rRNAs are processed and remodelled. Little is known about the premature assembly states of rRNAs and their structural rearrangement during ribosome biogenesis. Using cryo-EM we characterize a pre-60S particle, where the 5S rRNA and its associated ribosomal proteins L18 and L5 (5S ribonucleoprotein (RNP)) are rotated by almost 180 degrees when compared with the mature subunit. Consequently, neighbouring 25S rRNA helices that protrude from the base of the central protuberance are deformed. This altered topology is stabilized by nearby assembly factors (Rsa4 and Nog1),which were identified by fitting their three-dimensional structures into the cryo-EM density. We suggest that the 5S RNP performs a semicircular movement during 60S biogenesis to adopt its final position, fulfilling a chaperone-like function in guiding the flanking 25S rRNA helices of the central protuberance to their final topology

Kultursensible Transformation städtischer Quartiere: Handlungsempfehlungen - Ergebnisse aus dem Forschungsprojekt StraInQ

Die Handlungsempfehlungen entstanden im Rahmen des BMBF-Verbundforschungsprojektes StraInQ - Strategien und Instrumente des sozialen Zusammenlebens im Quartier zur Integration besonders benachteiligter Bevölkerungsgruppen

Co-translational capturing of nascent ribosomal proteins by their dedicated chaperones

Exponentially growing yeast cells produce every minute >160,000 ribosomal proteins. Owing to their difficult physicochemical properties, the synthesis of assembly-competent ribosomal proteins represents a major challenge. Recent evidence highlights that dedicated chaperone proteins recognize the N-terminal regions of ribosomal proteins and promote their soluble expression and delivery to the assembly site. Here we explore the intuitive possibility that ribosomal proteins are captured by dedicated chaperones in a co-translational manner. Affinity purification of four chaperones (Rrb1, Syo1, Sqt1 and Yar1) selectively enriched the mRNAs encoding their specific ribosomal protein clients (Rpl3, Rpl5, Rpl10 and Rps3). X-ray crystallography reveals how the N-terminal, rRNA-binding residues of Rpl10 are shielded by Sqt1’s WD-repeat β-propeller, providing mechanistic insight into the incorporation of Rpl10 into pre-60S subunits. Co-translational capturing of nascent ribosomal proteins by dedicated chaperones constitutes an elegant mechanism to prevent unspecific interactions and aggregation of ribosomal proteins on their road to incorporation