70 research outputs found

    New World Hantavirus in Humans, French Guiana

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    International audienceNew World hantavirus in humans, French Guiana

    Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, French Guiana

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    A systematic serological survey of patients suffering from symptoms suggestive of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome allowed us to identify a native case in French Guiana. Partial molecular characterization of the implicated hantavirus revealed its close relationship with the Bolivian Rio Mamore virus. We tentatively named it Maripa virus

    Evaluation of Two New Commercial Tests for the Diagnosis of Acute Dengue Virus Infection Using NS1 Antigen Detection in Human Serum

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    Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes that is endemic in more than 100 countries in tropical areas, threatening over 2.5 billion people. It causes a wide range of symptoms and has severe forms. In reference laboratories, dengue disease is confirmed by virus isolation or genome detection during the acute phase, and by serological methods during the early convalescent phase. The viral NS1 protein circulates in the sera of infected patients throughout the clinical phase of the disease. Novel diagnostic tests based on NS1 detection have been recently developed and marketed. We compared the performance of two tests for detecting dengue NS1 protein during the clinical phase of dengue infection (an immunochromatographic test (ICT) from Bio-Rad allowing rapid detection of the NS1 antigen and a two-step sandwich-format ELISA from Panbio) with the one-step sandwich-format microplate ELISA (Bio-Rad). The ICT test performed better than the ELISA test from Panbio. This study confirms that diagnostic tests based on NS1 could be used in routine clinical practice in poorly equipped laboratories and that dengue diagnosis could therefore be confirmed without the need for testing in reference laboratories. This represents a crucial step towards the control of dengue disease in the human population

    Impact of Zika Virus Emergence in French Guiana: A Large General Population Seroprevalence Survey.

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    BACKGROUND: Since the identification of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil in May 2015, the virus has spread throughout the Americas. However, ZIKV burden in the general population in affected countries remains unknown. METHODS: We conducted a general population survey in the different communities of French Guiana through individual interviews and serologic survey during June-October 2017. All serum samples were tested for anti-ZIKV immunoglobulin G antibodies using a recombinant antigen-based SGERPAxMap microsphere immunoassay, and some of them were further evaluated through anti-ZIKV microneutralization tests. RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence was estimated at 23.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20.9%-25.9%) among 2697 participants, varying from 0% to 45.6% according to municipalities. ZIKV circulated in a large majority of French Guiana but not in the most isolated forest areas. The proportion of reported symptomatic Zika infection was estimated at 25.5% (95% CI, 20.3%-31.4%) in individuals who tested positive for ZIKV. CONCLUSIONS: This study described a large-scale representative ZIKV seroprevalence study in South America from the recent 2015-2016 Zika epidemic. Our findings reveal that the majority of the population remains susceptible to ZIKV, which could potentially allow future reintroductions of the virus

    MĂ©thodes innovantes pour le diagnostic d'infection par le virus de la dengue

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    Les caractĂ©ristiques Ă©pidĂ©miologiques de l infection par le virus de la dengue nĂ©cessitaient la mise en place de nouveaux outils diagnostics afin de pouvoir poser un diagnostic diffĂ©rentiel de primo- ou de rĂ©-infection par cet arbovirus, et d effectuer des investigations de terrain. Les travaux prĂ©sentĂ©s dans cette thĂšse apportent, par deux approches distinctes, des outils de diagnostic innovants pour une meilleure prise en charge des patients en zone d endĂ©mie. De fait, alors que le test d aviditĂ© des IgG permet de poser un diagnostic diffĂ©rentiel prĂ©coce d infection par une approche immuno-enzymatique rapide et performante (Se=95,1% - Sp= 80%), les investigations rĂ©alisĂ©es Ă  partir de sang capillaire sur papier buvard montrent l intĂ©rĂȘt de ce compartiment biologique tant pour la simplicitĂ© du prĂ©lĂšvement et son transport, que pour ses performances, en terme de sensibilitĂ© et de spĂ©cificitĂ© (82% et 90%), et son utilitĂ© lors d Ă©tudes Ă©pidĂ©miologiques sur le terrain. Par ailleurs, les rĂ©sultats obtenus ouvrent de nouveaux champs d investigation concernant la physiopathologie du virus de la dengue au niveau du sang capillaire.PARIS-BIUSJ-ThĂšses (751052125) / SudocPARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Use of Capillary Blood Samples as a New Approach for Diagnosis of Dengue Virus Infection

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    We evaluated the use of capillary blood samples stored on filter papers for diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Venous and capillary blood samples were collected from 130 patients suspected of having dengue fever. We compared the performances of standard reference methods using capillary blood samples absorbed onto filter papers versus venous blood samples. The resulting sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of tests performed on filter paper compared to those performed on venous blood samples were 81.6% (62/76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 74.9% to 88.3%), 90.7% (49/54; 95% CI, 85.7% to 95.7%), and 92.5% (62/67; 95% CI, 86.2% to 98.8%), respectively. During the acute phase of dengue virus infection (day 1 to day 4), the tests performed on capillary blood samples had a sensitivity of 88.5% (95% CI, 82.0% to 95.0%) and a specificity of 93.8% (95% CI, 88.9% to 98.7%). During the convalescent phase of infection, this method allowed the viral serotype to be determined for 4 of 15 (27%) dengue virus-infected patients for whom virological diagnosis using venous samples was negative. Capillary blood samples could therefore be a good alternative for the diagnosis of dengue virus infection in tropical areas. Indeed, these samples are convenient for storage and transport without the need for a cold chain and simplify the collection of samples from children. Moreover, our results suggest that viral particles persist longer in capillary blood than in peripheral blood. Analysis of the viability of viral particles under these conditions may give new insights into the physiopathology of dengue virus infection and the transmission of dengue virus during outbreaks

    Rodent-borne viruses in French Guiana.

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    International audienceLes rongeurs sont dĂ©crits comme des rĂ©servoirs privilĂ©giĂ©s de nombreuses zoonoses. Du fait de leurs fortes abondances, de leur dynamique et, pour plusieurs espĂšces, de leur capacitĂ© Ă  coexister avec les populations humaines, les rongeurs jouent un rĂŽle clĂ© dans le maintien et la transmission de pathogĂšnes. En Guyane, 36 espĂšces de rongeurs ont Ă©tĂ© recensĂ©es et sont prĂ©sentes aussi bien en forĂȘt primaire et secondaire qu’en savane et en zones urbaines. Certaines populations de rongeurs font face, aujourd’hui, Ă  des perturbations de leurs habitats, du fait des pressions anthropiques. Ces perturbations engendrent des changements dans la dynamique des populations et des communautĂ©s pouvant avoir un impact sur la circulation et l’émergence des pathogĂšnes. Nous avons rĂ©cemment identifiĂ© des virus appartenant Ă  deux familles virales, Bunyaviridae et Arenaviridae, chez leurs rĂ©servoirs potentiels ainsi que chez l’homme dans le cas des hantavirus (Bunyaviridae). De plus, la caractĂ©risation des habitats les plus favorables des espĂšces rĂ©servoirs d’hantavirus a permis de mettre en Ă©vidence les zones Ă  plus fort risque d’émergence. Le rĂŽle des communautĂ©s de rongeurs doit maintenant ĂȘtre Ă©tudiĂ© afin de mieux apprĂ©hender les mĂ©canismes d’émergence en milieu amazonien

    Virus hébergés par les rongeurs en Guyane française

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    International audienceAmong mammals, rodents play a key role in the emergence of viral diseases. In French Guiana, with 36 rodent species recorded in various ecosystems (pristine forests, savannas, anthropized environments), some natural habitats today encounter anthropogenic perturbations that induce changes in community structure and population dynamics. These modifications are sometimes associated with the circulation and emergence of viral pathogens. For 10 years, investigations on the circulation of two rodent-borne viruses, Hantavirus and Mammarenavirus, are underway in rodent populations as well as in humans for hantavirus. These investigations identified viruses from both genera in their potential reservoirs and allow describing the most favourable habitats for the reservoirs of hantavirus where the risk of viral emergence may be higher. We suggest to investigate how anthropic perturbations in rodent communities can drive the emergence of viruses that are currently confined to a small scale and search for evidence of infection in the human population.Les rongeurs sont dĂ©crits comme des rĂ©servoirs privilĂ©giĂ©s de nom-breuses zoonoses. Du fait de leur forte abondance, de leur dynamique et, pour plusieurs espĂšces, de leur capacitĂ© Ă  coexister avec les populations humaines, les rongeurs jouent un rĂŽle clĂ© dans le maintien et la transmission de pathogĂšnes. En Guyane, 36 espĂšces de rongeurs ont Ă©tĂ© recensĂ©es et sont prĂ©sentes aussi bien en forĂȘt primaire et secondaire qu'en savane et en zones urbaines. Certaines populations de rongeurs font face, aujourd'hui, Ă  des perturbations de leurs habitats, du fait des pressions anthropiques. Ces perturbations engendrent des change-ments dans la dynamique des populations et des communautĂ©s pouvant avoir un impact sur la circulation et l'Ă©mergence des pathogĂšnes. Nous avons rĂ©cemment identifiĂ© des virus appartenant Ă  deux familles virales, Bunyaviridae et Arenavi-dae, dans leurs rĂ©servoirs potentiels ainsi que des hantavirus (Bunyaviridae) chez l'homme. De plus, la caractĂ©risation des habitats les plus favorables des espĂšces rĂ©servoirs d'hantavirus a permis de mettre en Ă©vidence les zones Ă  plus fort risque d'Ă©mergence. Le rĂŽle des communautĂ©s de rongeurs doit maintenant ĂȘtre Ă©tudiĂ© afin de mieux apprĂ©hender les mĂ©canismes d'Ă©mergence en milieu amazonien
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