Volatile oil composition and antioxidant activity of leaf of Chaerophyllum villosum Wall. ex DC from Uttrakhand, India

The genus Chaerophyllum, belonging to Apiaceae family, comprised of about 110 species which includes annual and perennial herbal plants widely distributed in temperate and sub temperate zones of Asia, Africa and Europe. Chaerophyllum villosum Wall. ex DC. was widely distributed in E. Asia Himalayas from India to Bhutan, Nepal and China and widely grows in moist shady places, road sides or open grassy places at elevations of 2100-3500 m. In high altitude tribes of Uttarakhand Himalaya (India) it was commonly known and sold in the name of ‘Ganjari’ widely used by people in food, spice and also as medicine. The volatile oil composition of leaf of Chaerophyllum villosum Wall. ex DC. (family: Apiaceae) were analyzed and compared using capillary GC and GC-MS. The leaf essential oil of C. villosum was dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons (91.34%) represented by γ-terpinene (74.93%) as single major constituent followed by p-cymene (10.00%), terpinolene (2.93%) and β-pinene (2.54%), the antioxidant activity of leaf essential oil also evaluated. &nbsp

Composition of a new chemotype of Senecio chrysanthemoides DC.

1745-17481,10β-epoxy-6-oxo-furanoeremophilane 1 (21.8%) along with furanoligularenone 2, germacrene D 3, selin-11-en-4α-ol 4 and caryophyllene oxide 5 have been identified in Senecio chrysanthemoides DC. of the Garhwal region of Himalaya at an altitude of 3600 m. 1,10β-epoxy-6-oxo-furanoeremophilane 1 has not been reported in Senecio chrysanthemoides DC. but reported in the other species of the genus Senecio. Presence of compounds 1-5 and absence of previously reported β-thujone and 6-hydroxy-p-menth-4(5)-en-3-one makes it a new chemotype within the genus Senecio

Composition of a new chemotype of <i style="">Tanacetum nubigenum</i>

1922-1926(3R,6R)-Tetrahydro-6-ethenyl-2,2,6-trimethyl-4H-pyran-3-acetate [3R,6R)-linalool oxide acetate] 1 (69.37%) along with 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyacetophenone 2, (E)- and  (Z)-2-(2,4-hexadiynylidene)-1,6-dioxaspiro[4,4]non-3-ene 3 and 4, ß-eudesmol 5 and selin-11-en-4-ol 6 have been isolated from Tanacetum nubigenum Wall of Kumaon region of North Western Himalaya at an altitude of 3600-4300 m.  (3R,6R)-linalool oxide acetate 1 has not been reported in Tanacetum species or from any other natural source. Presence of compounds 1-6 and absence of previously reported chrysanthenol and related esters makes it a new chemotype within the genus Tanacetum

Chemical composition of Inula cuspidata C.B. Clarke

1249-1253Thymyl isobutyrate, thymol, thymyl isovalerate, 8α-hydroxy presilphiperfolene and intermedeol have been isolated from steam volatile extract of Inula cuspidata and identified from their spectral data, synthesis and chemical modification of major constituents. Sharp qualitative and quantitative variations among the constituents of leaf, flower and roots of Inula cuspidata are noticed

Constituents of Nepeta clarkei Hook.f. and their antioxidant activity

807-811Three diterpenoids p-benzochinone, labda-14-en-8,13-diol, coleon U 12-methyl ether, a triterpenoid ursolic acid and two sterols have been isolated and identified from the roots of Nepeta clarkei Hook.f. The antioxidant activities of four isolates have also been determined, of which, coleon U 12-methyl ether and p-benzochinone have shown good DPPH scavenging activity with IC50 value 0.045 mg/mL and 0.059 mg/mL, respectively

<span style="mso-bidi-language:HI">Chemical perspective of <i>Tagar‒</i>An<i> </i>Ayurvedic drug </span>

474-477Valeriana wallichii DC., commonly known as Tagar is an important ingredient of Ayurvedic recipes for the treatment of nervous unrest and emotional problems. Besides, roots provide commercially important essential oil used in perfumery. Morphologically it is a single species and is common in the Himalayan region (1220-2134 m) with no subspecies or varieties. The investigations, however, revealed the existence of chemically different forms (chemical races) within V. wallichii DC on the basis of chemical analysis of root extracts (essential oils and valepotriates) responsible for the activity. Chemotype-I is represented by maaliol (64.3%) while the type-II possesses patchouli alcohol (40.2%) in their essential oils. Interestingly, Charak and Sushruta Samhita have also documented the existence of two types of Tagar known as Pindtagar and Nata having medicinal properties. </span

Synthesis and <i style="">in vitro</i> antibacterial activity of <i style="">N</i>-alkyl and <i style="">N</i>-aryl piperazine derivatives

196-200A series of N-alkyl and N-aryl substituted piperazine derivatives have been synthesized in order to evaluate their antibacterial activity against four Gram-positive (Streptococcus mutans MTCC 890, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96, Bacillus subtilis MTCC 121, Staphylococcus epidermidis MTCC 435) and one Gram-negative (Escherichia coli MTCC 723) bacteria by disc diffusion and microbroth dilution methods. These compounds have been characterized by their MS, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectral data. The benzyl piperazine derivatives 2-(4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone  and 2-(4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethanone show remarkable antibacterial activity even at low concentration against S. epidermidis, S. mutans and B. subtilis bacterial strains and are even close to the standard antibiotic, ampicillin. Furthermore, benzyl substitution increases antibacterial activity as compared to methyl and phenyl substituents under identical conditions

<i>In vitro</i> antimicrobial activity of essential oils and their acetylenic constituents

63-68The emergence of new infections and increase of bacterial drug resistance has prompted interest for the development of new antibacterial agents from natural sources.This study is an attempt to assess the therapeutic potential of plant constituents as new antimicrobial drugs. The essential oils from six Asteraceae species belonging to the genus Erigeron, Aster, and Senecio were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against six bacteria namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophilla, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Streptomyces candidus using agar well diffusion method. The results revealed (Z)-lachnophyllum (E), 8(Z)-matricaria esters (Erigeron species. E. mucronatus showed the highest activity against Gram-positive bacteria S. candidus (8.3 mm, MIC 5 µL/mL) and B. subtilis (11.0 mm, MIC 10 µL/mL). (Z)-Lachnophyllum and 2(E), 8(Z)-matricaria esters showed maximum activity against S. candidus (MICs 5 µL/mL). The results showed that the oils containing acetylenic constituents have potential as natural agents for treatment of infections caused by these bacteria