Il vuoto è pieno. Appunti e immagini sullo spazio urbano durante la pandemia

The paper intends to give back a photograph in motion of the relationship between city and pandemic. The reflection is divided into two sections. The first, snapshots, offers brief reflections implemented through the use of some significant images like frames, which summarize some of the most relevant aspects that the pandemic has presented with its dramatic impact. The second section consists of in-depth reflections investigating the potential of empty space, starting from two different conditions, one pre-pandemic and the other infra-pandemic. In front of the dominant portrait of a segregated city, which shuns a new ecological pact with the ecosystem to fall back on protocols of prophylaxis, hygiene and biometric systems, is highlighted the active role of the “augmented” space. This space is understood as an “augmented” and dynamic substance, shaped and fed by a computer system accompanying the transformation of spaces, services, behaviors and languages

Rethinking the Spaces of Waste Management Infrastructure: towards integrated urban strategies to avoid urban solid waste in contemporary city

This paper examines the issue of solid waste management in urban contexts, by an architectural perspective. In light of the emerging waste crisis, this paper proposes to redesign and gradually reintroduce waste management facilities in the urban tissue. The capacity to learn from trash can help to design a new generation of facilities, aiming to recover suburban areas and to re-establish a lost ecological balance.The paper underlines the need to radically reconsider the spatial articulation and the organizational structure of the current waste management infrastructure, through an integrateed approach aiming to define a decentralized and distributed urban model. Finally the paper explores heuristic potentials for architectural design, identifying hybrid figures and finding key actions to intervene in the contemporary city, inspired by the notion of ‘unblackboxing’

Risk factors for gram-negative bacterial infection of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices: Multicentre observational study (CarDINe Study)

Background: Infections of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) are mainly due to Gram-positive bacteria (GPB). Data about Gram-negative bacteria CIED (GNB-CIED) infections are limited. This study aimed to investigate risk factors, clinical and diagnostic characteristics, and outcome of patients with GNB-CIED. Methods: A multicentre, international, retrospective, case-control-control study was performed on patients undergoing CIED implantation from 2015 to 2019 in 17 centres across Europe. For each patient diagnosed with GNB-CIED, one matching control with GPB-CIED infection and two matching controls without infection were selected. Results: A total of 236 patients were enrolled: 59 with GNB-CIED infection, 59 with GPB-CIED infection and 118 without infection. No between-group differences were found regarding clinical presentation, diagnostic and therapeutic management. A trend toward a higher rate of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) positivity was observed among patients with GNB than in those with GPB-CIED infection (85.7% vs. 66.7%; P = 0.208). Risk factors for GNB-CIED infection were Charlson Comorbidity Index Score (relative risk reduction, RRR = 1.211; P = 0.011), obesity (RRR = 5.122; P = 0.008), ventricular-pacing ventricular-sensing inhibited-response pacemaker implantation (RRR = 3.027; P = 0.006) and right subclavian vein site of implantation (RRR = 5.014; P = 0.004). At 180-day survival analysis, GNB-CIED infection was associated with increased mortality risk (HR = 1.842; P = 0.067). Conclusions: Obesity, high number of comorbidities and right subclavian vein implantation site were associated with increased risk of GNB-CIED infection. A prompt therapeutic intervention that may be guided using FDG PET/CT is suggested in patients with GNB-CIED infection, considering the poorer outcome observed in this group

The Matter of Future Heritage

In 2018, for the first time, the University of Bologna’s Board of PhD in Architecture and Design Culture assigned second-year PhD students the task of developing and managing an international conference and publishing its works. The organisers of the first edition of this initiative – Giacomo Corda, Pamela Lama, Viviana Lorenzo, Sara Maldina, Lia Marchi, Martina Massari and Giulia Custodi – have chosen to leverage the solid relationship between the Department of Architecture and the Municipality of Bologna to publish a call having to do with the European Year of Cultural Heritage 2018, in which the Municipality was involved. The theme chosen for the call, The Matter of Future Heritage, set itself the ambitious goal of questioning the future of a field of research – Cultural Heritage (CH) – that is constantly being  redefined. A work that was made particularly complex in Europe by the development of the H2020 programme, where the topic entered, surprisingly, not as a protagonist but rather as an articulation of other subjects that in the vision of the programme seemed evidently more urgent and, one might say, dominant. The resulting tensions have been considerable and with both negative and positive implications, all the more evident if we refer to the issues that are closest to us namely the city and the landscape

Team dynamics in emergency surgery teams: results from a first international survey

Background: Emergency surgery represents a unique context. Trauma teams are often multidisciplinary and need to operate under extreme stress and time constraints, sometimes with no awareness of the trauma\u2019s causes or the patient\u2019s personal and clinical information. In this perspective, the dynamics of how trauma teams function is fundamental to ensuring the best performance and outcomes. Methods: An online survey was conducted among the World Society of Emergency Surgery members in early 2021. 402 fully filled questionnaires on the topics of knowledge translation dynamics and tools, non-technical skills, and difficulties in teamwork were collected. Data were analyzed using the software R, and reported following the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES). Results: Findings highlight how several surgeons are still unsure about the meaning and potential of knowledge translation and its mechanisms. Tools like training, clinical guidelines, and non-technical skills are recognized and used in clinical practice. Others, like patients\u2019 and stakeholders\u2019 engagement, are hardly implemented, despite their increasing importance in the modern healthcare scenario. Several difficulties in working as a team are described, including the lack of time, communication, training, trust, and ego. Discussion: Scientific societies should take the lead in offering training and support about the abovementioned topics. Dedicated educational initiatives, practical cases and experiences, workshops and symposia may allow mitigating the difficulties highlighted by the survey\u2019s participants, boosting the performance of emergency teams. Additional investigation of the survey results and its characteristics may lead to more further specific suggestions and potential solutions

Diversity and ethics in trauma and acute care surgery teams: results from an international survey

Background Investigating the context of trauma and acute care surgery, the article aims at understanding the factors that can enhance some ethical aspects, namely the importance of patient consent, the perceptiveness of the ethical role of the trauma leader, and the perceived importance of ethics as an educational subject. Methods The article employs an international questionnaire promoted by the World Society of Emergency Surgery. Results Through the analysis of 402 fully filled questionnaires by surgeons from 72 different countries, the three main ethical topics are investigated through the lens of gender, membership of an academic or non-academic institution, an official trauma team, and a diverse group. In general terms, results highlight greater attention paid by surgeons belonging to academic institutions, official trauma teams, and diverse groups. Conclusions Our results underline that some organizational factors (e.g., the fact that the team belongs to a university context or is more diverse) might lead to the development of a higher sensibility on ethical matters. Embracing cultural diversity forces trauma teams to deal with different mindsets. Organizations should, therefore, consider those elements in defining their organizational procedures. Level of evidence Trauma and acute care teams work under tremendous pressure and complex circumstances, with their members needing to make ethical decisions quickly. The international survey allowed to shed light on how team assembly decisions might represent an opportunity to coordinate team member actions and increase performance

Diversity and ethics in trauma and acute care surgery teams: results from an international survey

Background: Investigating the context of trauma and acute care surgery, the article aims at understanding the factors that can enhance some ethical aspects, namely the importance of patient consent, the perceptiveness of the ethical role of the trauma leader, and the perceived importance of ethics as an educational subject. Methods: The article employs an international questionnaire promoted by the World Society of Emergency Surgery. Results: Through the analysis of 402 fully filled questionnaires by surgeons from 72 different countries, the three main ethical topics are investigated through the lens of gender, membership of an academic or non-academic institution, an official trauma team, and a diverse group. In general terms, results highlight greater attention paid by surgeons belonging to academic institutions, official trauma teams, and diverse groups. Conclusions: Our results underline that some organizational factors (e.g., the fact that the team belongs to a university context or is more diverse) might lead to the development of a higher sensibility on ethical matters. Embracing cultural diversity forces trauma teams to deal with different mindsets. Organizations should, therefore, consider those elements in defining their organizational procedures. Level of evidence: Trauma and acute care teams work under tremendous pressure and complex circumstances, with their members needing to make ethical decisions quickly. The international survey allowed to shed light on how team assembly decisions might represent an opportunity to coordinate team member actions and increase performance

Rethinking the spaces of waste management infrastructure: towards integrated urban strategies to avoid urban solid waste in contemporary city

This paper examines the issue of solid waste management in urban contexts, by an architectural perspective. In light of the emerging waste crisis, this paper proposes to redesign and gradually reintroduce waste management facilities in the urban tissue. The capacity to learn from trash can help to design a new generation of facilities, aiming to recover suburban areas and to re-establish a lost ecological balance. The paper underlines the need to radically reconsider the spatial articulation and the organizational structure of the current waste management infrastructure, through an integrateed approach aiming to define a decentralized and distributed urban model. Finally the paper explores heuristic potentials for architectural design, identifying hybrid figures and finding key actions to intervene in the contemporary city, inspired by the notion of ‘unblackboxing’

La raccolta dei rifiuti solidi urbani nella città dispersa

Questo quaderno rappresenta uno dei rapporti di ricerca conclusivi del percorso di analisi, studio e elaborazione di strategie progettuali per la Coda della Cometa, il settore urbano a cavallo del Tevere compreso fra le aree centrali di Roma e il suo fronte sul mare. La ricerca analizza i drosscape, territori dell’abbandono agricolo, aree dello scarto e del rifiuto dei cicli economici del consumo metropolitano e dei suoi metabolismi e – insieme alle preesistenze ambientali, archeologiche e agli assetti antropici stabili – li interpreta come elementi positivi di rilancio del territorio. Dal riciclo dei drosscape possono derivare nuovi cicli di vita per la città, opportunità di recupero e rigenerazione dei sistemi della mobilità, dell’agricoltura, dei servizi urbani e degli spazi pubblici. Anche i rifiuti possono essere visti come una risorsa