The study of validity and reliability of formetric 4D system in measuring of deformites in kyphosis and lordosis in women

زمینه و هدف: یکی از مسائل مهم در حیطه حرکات اصلاحی، اندازه گیری قوس های ستون فقرات به ویژه کیفوز و لوردوز است، یکی از این ابزارها، دستگاه ارزیاب فورمتریک 4 بعدی است که وسیله ای دقیق و بدون خطر اشعه می باشد. هدف از این پژوهش توصیفی، بررسی میزان روایی و پایایی دستگاه ارزیاب ستون فقرات در اندازه گیری ناهنجاری های کیفوز و لوردوز می باشد. روش بررسی: در این پژوهش که جامعه آماری آن را کلیه بیماران مراجعه کننده به متخصصان ارتوپد و مغز و اعصاب شهرستان اراک تشکیل می دادند 27 نفر خانم به روش در دسترس به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. از ضریب همبستگی درون طبقه ای درون گروهی (Intraclass correlation coefficient=ICC) برای بررسی پایایی درونگرای دستگاه و برای تعیین روایی دستگاه از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون استفاده گردید. تمامی تجزیه و تحلیل‌های آماری توسط نرم افزار SPSS و در سطح معنی‌داری 05/0 α= مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که روایی دستگاه ارزیاب در اندازه گیری زوایای کیفوز ICT-ITL، VP–ITL، VP– T12 در مقایسه با رادیوگرافی به ترتیب همبستگی ای برابر با 712/0، 771/0 و 745/0 (05/0>P) و پایایی درونگرای بدست آمده (ICC) برابر با 966/0، 947/0 و 887/0 (001/0>P) بوده است. همچنین بررسی روایی دستگاه ارزیاب در اندازه گیری زوایای لوردوز ITL-ILS، ITL-DM، T12-DM در مقایسه با رادیوگرافی، میزان همبستگی به ترتیب 713/0، 734/0 و 458/0 (05/0>P) و پایایی درونگرای دستگاه (ICC)، 923/0، 884/0، 896/0 (001/0>P) بوده است. نتیجه گیری: بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه، دستگاه فورمتریک در اندازه گیری عارضه های کیفوز و لوردوز، روایی و پایایی درونگرای خوبی دارد، از این رو می‌توان گفت دستگاه ارزیاب برای اندازه گیری این ناهنجاری ها، ابزاری روا و پایا است و جایگزینی مناسب برای رادیوگرافی می باشد

Dentoskeletal Effects of Multi P® Prefabricated Functional Appliance on Class II Div I Children in Late Mixed Dentition

Objectives: Prefabricated functional appliances have therapeutic effects similar to those of custom-made functional appliances. This study aimed to assess the dentoskeletal effects of Multi P® prefabricated functional appliance on Class II Div 1children in late mixed dentition.Methods: This open label trial was conducted on 18 children aged 9-12 years with Cl II Div 1 malocclusion due to mandibular deficiency during a 9-month period. Written informed consent was obtained from the parents. Multi P ® (RMO, Strasbourg, France) was used by the patients 4 hours/day and overnight (minimum of 8 hours) in conjunction with specific exercises (pressing the teeth in the recorded occlusion, pressing the tongue against the palate and uninostril breathing). Patients were visited monthly. Study casts and cephalometric radiographs were obtained before and after the treatment. Data were analyzed using paired samples t-test and McNemar’s test.Results: The Go-Gn (P=0.029) and Me-N (P=0.021) distances significantly increased following the use of appliance while overjet (P<0.0001), absolute overbite (P=0.002) and the Wits appraisal (P=0.019) significantly decreased. Other understudy angles did not change significantly.Conclusion: Multi P® appliance decreases the jaw base discrepancy and corrects the overjet and overbite

Validity and Reliability of Persian Version of Dynamic Gait Index in Older Men

Objectives: The present study, was carried out in the form of a MA thesis and with the of the validity and reliability of "dynamic gaiting index (DGI)" in elderly men.  Methods & Materials: This causal-comparative research was conducted on 180 elderly subjects living in Arak (aged 60 and over). The subjects were selected randomly and criterion for their admission was confirmation of a G.P. The data were analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis, main component analysis with Varimax rotation tests, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, Cronbach’s Alpha, and U-Man-Withney.  Results: The results indicated that the Persian version of DGI among older adults consists of one factor. The specific value of the factor was 6.091 which predicted 76.133 percent of variance. Cronbach’s Alpha was calculated 0.953. Reliability between the measurers showed a significantly high correlation between the two collected data sets which were collected by two different researchers. The test-retest reliability was also high and significant.  Conclusion: The research results showed that Persian version of the DGI among old men was acceptable and in accordance with its English version therefore, it can be used in clinical and therapeutic settings to identify the elderly who are exposed to falling risk

The Effect of Vestibular Rehabilitation on Dizzines and Balance in Patient with Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is caused by thedestruction of myelin in central nervous system which leads to functional disabilities. Balancing problems are the most common dysfunctions and dizziness is known as its first sign in these patients.This study aimed to assessthe effects of vestibular rehabilitation by Cawthorne & Cooksey exercises on balance and the following disabilities caused by dizziness in patients with MS. Materials and Methods: This study was a semi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test. Subjects of this study were 30 women with Multiple sclerosis regardless of the type of MS and dizziness that were divided into control and experimental groups. Experimental group performed the exercise protocol for a 12 week period and 3 times per day for 5-15 minutes. Berg balance scale (BBS) was used to access the balance and (Dizziness Handicap Inventory) DHI questionnaire was used to accessing the dizziness before and after intervention. Results: The results showed that, after finishing exercise protocol, in experimental group there was a significant difference in patient with MS, whereas there was no significant difference between pre and post-test in control group. Conclusion: Cawthorne & Cooksey exercises as a non-invasive method can be an effective therapy to improving the balance and disability caused by dizziness in patients with MS

Sedative Effect of Oral Midazolam/Hydroxyzine versus Chloral Hydrate/Hydroxyzine on 2-6 Year-Old Uncooperative Dental Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Different drugs are used for conscious sedation in pediatric dentistry either single or in combination. This study assessed the comparative effect of midazolam/hydroxyzine and chloral hydrate/hydroxyzine on 2-6 year-old uncooperative children needing dental treatment.A double blind cross-over randomized clinical trial was designed and 16 children aged 2-6 years with ASA1 status who were judged with negative to definitely negative behavior (according to Frankl) were chosen. Cases were divided randomly into two groups. The first group received midazolam/hydroxyzine (MH) at the first visit while the second group received chloral hydrate/hydroxyzine (CHH) as the first medication. Both groups received the other regimen at the second visit. Midazolam 0.5mg/kg and chloral hydrate 50mg/kg with 1mg/kg hydroxyzine were administered. Cases were subsequently assessed for sedation and then dental treatment was performed. Blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate (PR) were measured before and after drug administration, as well as during and after dental treatment. The Houpt scale was also used for the level of sedation before, during and after treatment. Data were analyzed using Wilcox-on signed rank test and the paired t-test.Sedative success rate was 64.3% in cases of MH and 33.3% in CHH. The difference between groups was significant (P=0.046). The success rate was significantly different between groups at different measurement stages as well (

Mechanistic insights into the transformation processes in Z-phase strengthened 12% Cr steels

Compositionally complex Z-phase strengthened 12% Chromium steels are considered as potentially viable materials for components used in highly-demanding environments in steam power plants, operating at a target temperature of 650 \ub0C. To date, however, the transformation processes of various phases into the desired precipitate, i.e., Z-phase CrTaN, are not fully understood. In this research, we first designed and produced three different alloys and then studied the microstructure in the as-tempered and aged conditions (for up to 10,000 h at 650 \ub0C) using advanced electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and atom probe tomography. We report on the evolution of the densely distributed MX (Ta(C, N)) and M2X ((Cr, Ta)2N) precipitates into blade-like and bulky Z-phase, respectively. The blade-like precipitates benefit from a smaller size compared to the bulky ones, providing precipitation hardening for creep resistance. We discuss an interactive role of carbon and nitrogen content in the formation of the Z-phase. Our findings pave the way towards designing new alloys with improved properties to serve in harsh environments at 650 \ub0C