Prevalence of infection of Acipenser persicus broodstocks with internal parasites in the south-west Caspian Sea

A survey of parasitological infections of Acipenseridae fishes in the southern parts of the Caspian Sea were done from 2002 to 2004. Altogether, 338 brood stocks of Acipenser persicus were examined. In the laboratory, the weight and length of the fishes were measured and after dissection presence of different parasites in the fish was examined. According to the results of this study, during three years of examinations, six different parasites were detected. These parasites were Cucullanus sphaerocephalus, Skrjabinopsolus semiarmatus, Eubothrium acipenseinum, Corynosoma strumosom, Leptorhynchoides plagicephalus, and Amphilina foliaceae. The prevalence and mean intensity of infection with Gusullanus sphaerocephalus and Skrjabinopolus semiarmattim were the most

Study on the prevalence and intensity of three parasites in sturgeon fingerlings cultured in earthen ponds

In 2001, we studied 2600 sturgeon fingerlings including: 2242 Acipenser persicus, 150 Acipenser stellatus, 150 Acipenser nudiventris and 58 Huso huso from Shahid Beheshti and Yousefpour hatcheries for parasitic infection. We found three parasites including Diplostomum spathaceum, Trichodina sp. and Gyrodactylus sp infesting the fish. The prevalence and average intensity of Diplostomum spathaceum was 5.49% and 1.66 for Acipenser persicus, 0.66% and I for Acipenser stellatus and, 22.41% and 5.38, for Huso huso fingerlings respectively. No Diplostomum infection was observed in Acipenser nudiventris. The prevalence and average infection intensity of Trichodina sp. was 45.05% and 76.14 for Acipenser persicus, 44% and 51.36 for Acipenser stellatus, 36% and 63.51 for Acipenser nudiventris, and 32.76% and 34.73 for Huso huso fingerlings, respectively. Totally, the prevalence of Gyrodactylus sp. was 0.46% in the two hatcheries. The prevalence of infection with Gyrodactylus sp. was 0.36% in Acipenser persicus and 2.66% in Acipenser stellatus

Polyphenol nanoformulations for cancer therapy: experimental evidence and clinical perspective

Yasamin Davatgaran-Taghipour,1,2 Salar Masoomzadeh,3 Mohammad Hosein Farzaei,4,5 Roodabeh Bahramsoltani,6 Zahra Karimi-Soureh,7 Roja Rahimi,6,8 Mohammad Abdollahi9,10 1Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; 3Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; 4Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; 5Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; 6Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 7School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 8Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 9Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 10Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abstract: Cancer is defined as the abnormal cell growth that can cause life-threatening malignancies with high financial costs for patients as well as the health care system. Natural polyphenols have long been used for the prevention and treatment of several disorders due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antineoplastic, and immunomodulatory effects discussed in the literature; thus, these phytochemicals are potentially able to act as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents in different types of cancer. One of the problems regarding the use of polyphenolic compounds is their low bioavailability. Different types of formulations have been designed for the improvement of bioavailability of these compounds, nanonization being one of the most notable approaches among them. This study aimed to review current data on the nanoformulations of natural polyphenols as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents and to discuss their molecular anticancer mechanisms of action. Nanoformulations of natural polyphenols as bioactive agents, including resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, chrysin, baicalein, luteolin, honokiol, silibinin, and coumarin derivatives, in a dose-dependent manner, result in better efficacy for the prevention and treatment of cancer. The impact of nanoformulation methods for these natural agents on tumor cells has gained wider attention due to improvement in targeted therapy and bioavailability, as well as enhancement of stability. Today, several nanoformulations are designed for delivery of polyphenolic compounds, including nanosuspensions, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, gold nanoparticles, and polymeric nanoparticles, which have resulted in better antineoplastic activity, higher intracellular concentration of polyphenols, slow and sustained release of the drugs, and improvement of proapoptotic activity against tumor cells. To conclude, natural polyphenols demonstrate remarkable anticancer potential in pharmacotherapy; however, the obstacles in terms of their bioavailability in and toxicity to normal cells, as well as targeted drug delivery to malignant cells, can be overcome using nanoformulation-based technologies, which optimize the bioefficacy of these natural drugs. Keywords: natural products, flavonoid, anthocyanin, tumor, malignanc