Research trends concerning school children's change of eating behavior during school lunches and their formation of sense of eating with company

本稿の目的は，学校給食の機能に着目し，児童の食行動や食事観の形成に影響を与える要因についての研究動向をまとめ，現代における｢共食｣を目指した給食指導の留意点を明らかにすることである。先行研究は次の三つに分類･整理した。一つめは，児童の給食指導を担う教師の影響を探究したものである。二つめは，児童の発達段階の影響を調査したもので，三つ目は食環境の影響に焦点を当てたものである。先行研究の動向から明らかになったことは，二点ある。一点目は，児童の食事に対する意識を捉える場合は調査票を用いた量的調査を，児童の食行動の変容を追究する場合は質的調査を各研究者が利用していたことである。二点目は，児童の食事観は家庭だけでなく給食においても様々な影響を受け，形成されるということである。したがって，教師や研究者は，｢共食｣を目指した給食指導に，児童の社会化を促す役割が含まれているということを認識する必要がある

Study of Finite-Orbit-Width Effect on Neoclassical Transport in Tokamak Core Region

Neoclassical transport simulation using the δ f Monte-Carlo method is carried out to investigate the finite-orbitwidth (FOW) effect on the transport near the magnetic axis. The time evolution of the radial electric field to maintain the ambipolarity of the flux is calculated simultaneously. It is found that, in the near-axis region, the ion heat flux decreases from the value predicted by the standard neoclassical theory both in the banana and plateau regimes. Though the radial transport shows a strong dependence on the FOW effect, the ambipolar electric field profile at the steady state is similar to that calculated in the small-orbit-width limit approximation

Particle acceleration by a large-amplitude wave associated with an ion beam in a magnetized plasma

Large-amplitude waves associated with a relativistic ion beam in a magnetized plasma are investigated by means of relativistic electromagnetic particle simulations. In the simulations, it is shown that electromagnetic fields are induced by an ion bunch which has Gaussian density distribution and that their profiles are similar to those of magnetosonic solitons. Further, when an ion beam propagates obliquely to the external magnetic field, it is found that an induced electric field has a parallel component along the magnetic field. Then, as the next step, giving another positron bunch, it is observed that some particles in a positron bunch are accelerated by the parallel electric field

Pathologic and Radiographic Studies of Intrahepatic Metastasis Hepatocellular Carcinoma; The Role of Efferent Vessels

The efferent vessel of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the mechanism and pathogenesis of the high frequency of intrahepatic metastasis in HCC has not yet been clarified. Three hundred ninety-three resected specimens of HCC were examined for tumor thrombosis in the portal vein and the hepatic vein: 231 tumors ≤5 cm in diameter were examined for the relationship between mode of tumor spread and tumor size. Efferent vessels in HCC were identified by direct injection of radiopaque material into the tumor in 23 resected liver specimens and by percutaneous infusion of radiopaque media into tumor nodules in 8 patients. The mode of tumor spread in HCC progressed from capsular invasion to extracapsular invasion, then to vascular invasion, and finally to intrahepatic metastasis. There was a strong statistical correlation between the presence of intrahepatic metastasis and portal vein thrombosis (p<0.05, R=0.998). Radiopaque material injected directly into 23 resected tumors entered only the portal vein in 17 tumors and into both the portal and hepatic veins in 6 tumors. In all 8 patients with unresectable lesions, radiopaque media injected percutaneously into tumor nodules flowed only into the portal vein. These findings suggest that intrahepatic invasion by HCC may occur through the portal vein as an efferent tumor vessel