わが国における舌癌剖検症例の統計的検討(第VI報)

Autopsy cases of tongue cancer in Japan were statistically analyzed. Autopsy cases were collected from the Annual of Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan over the past five years (1997-2001). Tongue cancer was reported in 321 autopsy cases(M:241, F:79, Unknown: 1). The autopsy rate was 6.0% of 5,320 patients who died of tongue cancer in Japan. 103 of the autopsied patients (32.2%) were in their seventh decade, 74 (23.1%) were in their eighth decade, and 54 (16.9%) were in their sixth. Histologically, almost all the cases showed squamous cell carcinoma (96.8%). The cancer arose most frequently in the lateral borders (66.1%) of the tongue. Multiple primary cancers, affecting both the tongue and other organs, were found in 113 cases. The mean ages of only the autopsied cases of squamous cell carcinoma excluding the cases of multiple primary cancers were 63.8±10.1 (1997), 57.7±12.3 (1998), 65.4±13.6 (1999), 61.7±15.4 (2000) and 62.1±14.9 (2001) years old. However, the mean ages of multiple primary cancers, affecting both the tongue and the other organs, were 69.2±9.9 (1997), 70.5±11.2 (1998), 66.6±10.2 (1999), 68.2±11.6 (2000) and 69.9±15.5 (2001) years old. In cases of double cancers including tongue cancer, commonly occurring cancers were lung, liver, esophagus, thyroid and adrenal. Metastasis to other organs was frequently found in the tracheobronchus and lungs, liver, heart and aorta, bones, adrenals and thyroid. Metastasis to the lymph node was found in the cervix, lung hilum, periesophagus and peritrachea, left supraclavicula, and axilla. The most common cause of death was pulmonary infection

岩手医科大学歯学部口腔病理学教室における病理組織検査の報告 : 2002年度の集計

Pathological examinations undertaken in our department in 2002 were statistically reviewed. There were 602 examinations for 460 cases (Male 227, Female 233) Cases were most frequent in patients in their sixth decade (99 cases) According to histological classifications of the lesions (mean age±SD), odontogenic tumors consisted of 2 ameloblastomas (65 5±12 5), 4 odontomas (24 3±12 2) and 1 odontogenic ghost cell carcinoma (22) The non-odontogenic benign lesions were 29 fibrous hyperplasias (57 0±17 4), 23 hyperkeratoses (leukoplaskia) (57 3±16 2), 10 papillomas (62 1±143), 9 irritation fibromas (63 0±13 4), 8 hemangiomas (57 5±9 2), 6 papillary hyperplasias (65 7±13 7), 5 osteomas (exostosis, enostosis) (55 2±8 0), 4 epithelial dysplasias (60 8±13 3) and 4 penapical cemental dysplasias (45 3±5 7), 3 pleomorphic adenomas (44 3±5 7) Non-odontogenic malignant tumors consisted of 56 squamous cell carcinomas (658±126), 3 malignant lymphomas (68 7±20 1) The odontogenic cysts consisted of 37 radicular cysts (42 8± 15 7), 27 dentigerous cysts (42 9±186) and 16 primordial cysts (43 4±18 7) The non-odontogenic cysts consisted of 30 mucous retention cysts (mucoceles) (22 5±13 7), 18 postoperative maxillary cysts (56 7±9 1), 5 incisive canal cysts (49 8±3 7) and 2 simple bone cysts (13 0±1 4). Also found were 35 chronic inflammatory (granulation) tissues (54 7±14 1), 20 chronic localized hyperplastic gingivitises (epuhses) (50 4±16 8), 13 Sjogren syndromes (54 7±13 0), 10 sialohthiases (56 8±13 3), 7 lichen planuses (64 3±83), 7 dental granulomas (32 7±6 8) and 5 chronic (inflammatory) ulcers (61 0±7 5)

On the origin and evolution of the asteroid Ryugu: A comprehensive geochemical perspective

Presented here are the observations and interpretations from a comprehensive analysis of 16 representative particles returned from the C-type asteroid Ryugu by the Hayabusa2 mission. On average Ryugu particles consist of 50% phyllosilicate matrix, 41% porosity and 9% minor phases, including organic matter. The abundances of 70 elements from the particles are in close agreement with those of CI chondrites. Bulk Ryugu particles show higher δ18O, Δ17O, and ε54Cr values than CI chondrites. As such, Ryugu sampled the most primitive and least-thermally processed protosolar nebula reservoirs. Such a finding is consistent with multi-scale H-C-N isotopic compositions that are compatible with an origin for Ryugu organic matter within both the protosolar nebula and the interstellar medium. The analytical data obtained here, suggests that complex soluble organic matter formed during aqueous alteration on the Ryugu progenitor planetesimal (several 10’s of km), <2.6 Myr after CAI formation. Subsequently, the Ryugu progenitor planetesimal was fragmented and evolved into the current asteroid Ryugu through sublimation

A pristine record of outer Solar System materials from asteroid Ryugu’s returned sample

Volatile and organic-rich C-type asteroids may have been one of the main sources of Earth’s water. Our best insight into their chemistry is currently provided by carbonaceous chondritic meteorites, but the meteorite record is biased: only the strongest types survive atmospheric entry and are then modified by interaction with the terrestrial environment. Here we present the results of a detailed bulk and microanalytical study of pristine Ryugu particles, brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. Ryugu particles display a close compositional match with the chemically unfractionated, but aqueously altered, CI (Ivuna-type) chondrites, which are widely used as a proxy for the bulk Solar System composition. The sample shows an intricate spatial relationship between aliphatic-rich organics and phyllosilicates and indicates maximum temperatures of ~30 °C during aqueous alteration. We find that heavy hydrogen and nitrogen abundances are consistent with an outer Solar System origin. Ryugu particles are the most uncontaminated and unfractionated extraterrestrial materials studied so far, and provide the best available match to the bulk Solar System composition

A dehydrated space-weathered skin cloaking the hydrated interior of Ryugu

Without a protective atmosphere, space-exposed surfaces of airless Solar System bodies gradually experience an alteration in composition, structure and optical properties through a collective process called space weathering. The return of samples from near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu by Hayabusa2 provides the first opportunity for laboratory study of space-weathering signatures on the most abundant type of inner solar system body: a C-type asteroid, composed of materials largely unchanged since the formation of the Solar System. Weathered Ryugu grains show areas of surface amorphization and partial melting of phyllosilicates, in which reduction from Fe3+ to Fe2+ and dehydration developed. Space weathering probably contributed to dehydration by dehydroxylation of Ryugu surface phyllosilicates that had already lost interlayer water molecules and to weakening of the 2.7 µm hydroxyl (–OH) band in reflectance spectra. For C-type asteroids in general, this indicates that a weak 2.7 µm band can signify space-weathering-induced surface dehydration, rather than bulk volatile loss

Precursory ground deformation of the 2018 phreatic eruption on Iwo-Yama volcano, revealed by four-dimensional joint analysis of airborne and spaceborne InSAR

We present detailed maps of local-scale 3D deformation preceding the 2018 phreatic eruption at Iwo-yama volcano (south of Kyushu Island, Japan), using a combination of airborne and spaceborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data. The 3D and 2.5D deformation maps obtained at different periods allow us to successfully track their spatiotemporal evolution and to infer the transition of subsurface conditions responsible for the precursory deformation observed from 2014 to 2018. From 2014 to 2016, ground inflation depicted an axisymmetric pattern with the maximum displacement at the center of the deformed area. However, from 2016 to 2018, an inflation peak moved to the southern edge of the area deformed during 2014-2016 and became more localized, which was close to the newly generated vents in the 2018 eruption. Modeling of the inflations suggests that pressurization within a crack at a depth of 150 m beneath the Iwo-yama geothermal area caused the 2014-2016 deformation and had continued until the 2018 eruption. Modeling results highlight the persistence of the local ground inflation pattern just above the southern edge of the crack, which suggests the presence of a shallower inflation source contributing to the local inflation. Consequently, we interpret the sequence of these deformations as follows: from 2014, deeper-rooted fluid started to inject into a fluid-saturated crack at 150-m depth, which caused the 2014-2016 deformation. Then, after 2016, the crack inflation continued because of the continuous fluid injection and formed another pressurized part directly above the southern tip of the crack. Additionally, the results of the time-series analysis of the satellite InSAR data revealed that the local inflation started around April 2017 for which thermal activity including a mud emission became pronounced around the location of the local inflation. As a result of an episodic increase in supply rate of magmatic fluids from a deep magma reservoir from early 2018, a phreatic eruption finally occurred in the vicinity of the most deformed point, providing a clue for predicting future eruption sites, as was also observed in the Hakone 2015 eruption