Acidentes do trabalho em estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio do Estado de São Paulo

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of occupational injuries and identify their risk factors among students in two municipalities. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in public schools of the municipalities of Santo Antonio do Pinhal and Monteiro Lobato, Brazil. A stratified probabilistic sample was drawn from public middle and high schools of the study municipalities. A total of 781 students aged 11 to 19 years participated in the study. Students attending middle and high school answered a comprehensive questionnaire on living and working conditions, as well as aspects of work injuries, and health conditions. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to estimate risk factors of previous and present occupational injuries. RESULTS: Of 781 students, 604 previously had or currently have jobs and 47% reported previous injuries. Among current workers (n=555), 38% reported injuries on their current job. Risk factors for work injuries with statistically significant odds ratio >;2.0 included attending evening school, working as a housekeeper, waiter or brickmaker, and with potentially dangerous machines. CONCLUSIONS: The study results reinforce the need of restricting adolescent work and support communities to implement social promotion programs.OBJETIVOS: Estimar a prevalência de acidentes de trabalho entre estudantes adolescentes em área urbana e identificar os fatores de risco de ocorrência dos acidentes de trabalho. MÉTODOS: Um estudo transversal foi conduzido nas escolas públicas de ensino fundamental e médio, das cidades de Santo Antonio do Pinhal e Monteiro Lobato, Estado de São Paulo. Foi realizada uma amostra probabilística estratificada em duas escolas públicas de ensino médio de cada uma das duas cidades pesquisadas. O total da população pesquisada foi de 781 estudantes, de 11 a 19 anos de idade. Os estudantes responderam um questionário sobre condições de vida e trabalho, incluindo as características dos acidentes de trabalho ocorridos e problemas de saúde. Foram estimados os fatores de riscos para a ocorrência de acidentes no trabalho, do passado e do presente, usando modelos de regressão logística múltipla. RESULTADOS: Dos 781 estudantes que participaram da pesquisa, 604 relataram ter experiência de trabalho. Destes, 47% relataram já ter sofrido acidentes. Entre aqueles que, no período de coleta de dados, estavam trabalhando (n=555), 38% afirmaram ter sofrido acidentes no posto que ocupavam naquele momento. Os fatores de risco para a ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho, que apresentaram razão de chances acima de 2,0, foram: estudar no período vespertino, exercer funções de empregado(a) doméstico(a), garçom ou oleiro, e trabalhar com objetos e máquinas perigosas. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados mostram a necessidade de restringir o trabalho de adolescentes, dando apoio às comunidades na implementação de programas de desenvolvimento social

Habitual diet and cardiovascular disease risk factors

INTRODUCTION: A survey by sampling in a county of the State of S. Paulo in 1990 sought, by means of home interviews, to analyse the habitual diet and risk factors for cardiovascular disease of people over 20 years of age. METHODOLOGY: Of the sub-specimen of a comprehensive study population, 557 individuals, aged between 20 and 88, were interviewed. The habitual diet, characterized by the dietary history, was compared with the recommendations on energy and nutrients of the WHO and the risk factors (obesity, lipemic disorders and diabetes mellitus) diagnosed by the Body Mass Index and biochemical measurements. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It was observed that 60% of the population consume a diet with total energy below the estimated need and that the caloric contribution of carbohydrates was of 56%, of the lipids 29% and of the proteins 15%. However, by percentil analysis, the caloric contribuition of lipids and of proteins was far above the recommended levels to the detriment of the carbohydrates. Energy, caloric distribution and quantity of cholesterol were satisfactory in only 5% of diets. Among the risk factors for the cardiovascular disease studied, obesity was found to be present in 38% of individuals, lipemic disorders in 26% and diabetes mellitus in 5%. Preponderantly light physical activity together with unsatisfactory diet, both in qualitative as in quantitative terms, aggravated this scenario still further.INTRODUÇÃO: Estudo descritivo por amostragem em munícípio do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, em 1990, com objetivo de analisar, mediante entrevistas domiciliares, a dieta habitual e fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em indivíduos maiores de 20 anos. METODOLOGIA: Foram entrevistados 557 indivíduos, de idade entre 20 e 88 anos, que fazem parte de subamostra de um estudo global na região. A dieta habitual, identificada pelo histórico alimentar foi comparada às recomendações da OMS e os fatores de risco estudados (obesidade, dislipidemias, diabetes melito) diagnosticados pelo Índice de Massa Corpórea e dosagens bioquímicas. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Observou-se que 60% da população consome dieta com energia total abaixo da estimativa das necessidades e que a contribuição calórica dos carboidratos foi de 56%, dos lipídios de 29% e das proteínas de 15%. Entretanto, na análise por percentil, a contribuição calórica dos lipídios e das proteínas encontra-se muito acima dos padrões recomendados em detrimento dos carboidratos. A energia, distribuição calórica e quantidade de colesterol foi adequada em apenas 5% das dietas. Dentre os fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares estudados observou-se a prevalência de obesidade em 38% dos indivíduos, de dislipidemias em 26% e de diabetes melito em 5%. A atividade física leve preponderante com dieta inadequada, tanto em termos de qualitativos quanto quantitativos, agravam ainda mais esse quadro

Obesity and low stature: nutritional status of individuals belonging to the same family

Chronic undernourishment in infancy and obesity associated with short stature in the adult phase may have common determining biological and socio-environmental factors. This study with a view to contributing to the understanding of this relationship has as objective the verification of how children and parents distribution of nutritional conditions in pauperized families takes place and what the factors of a social, environmental and biological nature involvedare. It was studied 214 children aged 6 months to 5 years and 293 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years, belonging to pauper families earning monthly incomes less than US 70,living in two rural municipalities of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Maternal schooling, number of rooms in the dwelling, age bellow 24 months, problems at birth and low stature of the mother especially when associated with obesity and, were all associated with the height deficitin children up to five years of age. The association of fathers height was weak. Conversely to the children of less then five years of age, the children of six year or over and adolescents were more clearly subject to the adverse socio-environmental and family conditions. Type of dwelling,number of individuals by dwelling, fathers absence and alcohol abuser in the family, lowstature of the mother associated with obesity were strongly related to the height deficit. Lowstature of the father was associated with the stature deficit, in this group..