Surfactant-Templating of Zeolites: From Design to Application

Surfactant-templating is one of the most effective and versatile synthetic strategies for the construction of well-defined porous architectures in solids. Though the principles of molecular self-assembly were disclosed in biological systems long since, the use of amphiphiles to generate porous architectures in inorganic matter has merely emerged at the very end of the 20th century. The present review proposes a voyage from the early developments of surfactant-templating for designing ordered mesoporous solids to the application of its principles for the generation of hierarchical zeolites. A thorough overview on the various strategies employing supramolecular chemistry to designing mesoporosity in zeolites is presented. The efficiency of the postsynthetic surfactant-templating approach in bridging the gap between zeolites and amorphous mesoporous molecular sieves is depicted through assessing their key properties, such as hydrothermal stability, texture and acidity. Finally, the impact of hierarchical zeolites in the industry will be highlighted through a review of the catalytic performance of mesostructured zeolites as components of FCC catalysts in various refineries.The authors acknowledge the EU and MINECO through the CAPITA Project WAVES (EP7-NMP-266543 and PCIN-2013-175) and FEDER for financial support

Fully Distributed Bayesian Optimization with Stochastic Policies

Bayesian optimization has become a popular method for high-throughput computing, like the design of computer experiments or hyperparameter tuning of expensive models, where sample efficiency is mandatory. In these applications, distributed and scalable architectures are a necessity. However, Bayesian optimization is mostly sequential. Even parallel variants require certain computations between samples, limiting the parallelization bandwidth. Thompson sampling has been previously applied for distributed Bayesian optimization. But, when compared with other acquisition functions in the sequential setting, Thompson sampling is known to perform suboptimally. In this paper, we present a new method for fully distributed Bayesian optimization, which can be combined with any acquisition function. Our approach considers Bayesian optimization as a partially observable Markov decision process. In this context, stochastic policies, such as the Boltzmann policy, have some interesting properties which can also be studied for Bayesian optimization. Furthermore, the Boltzmann policy trivially allows a distributed Bayesian optimization implementation with high level of parallelism and scalability. We present results in several benchmarks and applications that shows the performance of our method

Connecting chemical worlds for a sustainable future

Chemistry plays a central role in science and is the basis of one of the major, more impactful, and diverse industries. However, to address the most pressing global challenges, we must learn to create connections in an effective and meaningful way, with other disciplines, industries, and society at large. Here, we present the IUPAC Top Ten Emerging Technologies in Chemistry as an example of an initiative that highlights some of the most promising advances in chemistry and contributes to creating connections to accelerate sustainable solutions for our society and our planet

MOOC en nanotecnología en la UA: Un ejemplo de innovación docente y tecnológica en Química Inorgánica

Las plataformas virtuales y herramientas on-line son parte de la vida cotidiana de los estudiantes que llenan nuestras aulas. El término web 2.0, introducido por O’Reilly y Dougherty en 2004, describe la transición de la web como una fuente de información a la web basada en comunidades de usuarios, con una gama especial de servicios y aplicaciones de internet que se modifica gracias a la participación social. La creación de comunidades on-line para mejorar la calidad del binomio enseñanza-aprendizaje es, por lo tanto, una herramienta útil para la educación superior. En este contexto, el Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Molecular de la UA ha desarrollado un proyecto educativo innovador, el primer MOOC (del inglés Massive On-line Open Course) sobre nanotecnología en España. El objetivo de este curso es obtener una mejor comprensión de lo que es la nanotecnología y su conexión con la vida real. El sitio web es la principal guía a través de los recursos y actividades del curso, dividido en diez unidades didácticas. El estudiante dispone, además, de una serie de herramientas gratuitas que descubrirá en las diferentes unidades, como vídeos, tutoriales, applets, etc. La única condición para acceder al curso es registrarse con una dirección de Gmail

Emerging technologies for a more sustainable future

Preface for emerging technologies and new directions in chemistry researc

Language of Chemistry: Making IUPAC Nomenclature Available in Spanish

Science, including mathematics, physics, and, of course, chemistry, has its own language and symbols and names we learn in school. However, to teach it, communicate it, and use it, we use our own native languages. Most of the scientific literature, including this article, is in English, as are the texts published by the various scientific unions, including the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), to define scientific nomenclature, terminology, and presentation. However, it is essential that these fundamental texts are available in as many languages as possible to facilitate their teaching, learning, and use throughout the world. It should be noted, however, that the translation of these texts into different languages is a complex task that requires some choices due to the lack of obvious alternatives or the cacophony of some terms. In this paper, we provide some details on the challenges, compromises, and difficult decisions involved in translating the IUPAC Nomenclature Brief Guides into Spanish.Grant PID2020-118422GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future” is gratefully acknowledged. Financial support by the Basque Government (Grupos IT1558-22) is also gratefully acknowledged

Developing Nontraditional Partnerships to Disseminate the Space Science Story

NASA Space Science Days (NSSD) was established in 2004 to bring the story of the Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) to a community far removed from areas NASA traditionally serves. The original NSSD invited 400 5th and 8th graders from the Texas Rio Grande Valley area to the University of Texas Brownsville campus to participate in a one day Saturday event filled with information about MER with related hands on activities. Currently the program has grown to over 700 5th and 8th grade participants who are mentored by trained university students from several Texas universities and community colleges and growing to include universities from throughout the U.S. A collaboration between three major institutions: The NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate (ARES), the Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers/Advancing Hispanic Excellence in Technology Engineering, Math, and Science, (SHPE/AHETEMS), and the University of Texas at Brownsville (UTB) has been established to enable the dissemination of Solar System related educational materials throughout the U.S. Already in its 8th year, UTB has developed and tested a NSSD model that has successfully disseminated space science materials to students throughout South Texas Rio Grande Valley. With this newly formed collaboration this model s expansion will allow trained SHPE students and professionals to conduct events throughout its established nation-wide delivery systems. Each year a new NSSD site will be established through an application process solicited from SHPE student and professional chapters. Once a chapter is awarded, upper-level high school and university students will travel to NASA- JSC for a two day workshop where students learn about the current year s theme and are trained to present hands-on activities related to the theme. Additional training by ARES and UTB occurs one month before the new event in their own communities. Both local middle school teachers and mentors are trained locally. This allows the teachers time to prepare their students with the background material for NSSD and give the mentors time to decide which activity they feel comfortable with to lead. Several events using this process have already been successful and an increase in interest from SHPE chapters wanting to establish their NSSD event is growing

Blue-LED activated photocatalytic hydrogenation of nitroarenes with Cu2O/CuO heterojunctions

This study describes how the optimization of Cu2O/CuO heterostructures can enhance their (photo)catalytic performance. More specifically, the evaluation of catalysts with different Cu2O/CuO molar ratios was used to optimize their performance for the hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol under both blue-LED light and dark conditions. For the first time, we analyzed the effect of blue LED irradiation on this reaction and found that when blue LEDs are used as the light source, a Cu2O/CuO ratio of 0.15 results in rate constants 7 to 3 times higher than those of catalysts with either lower (0.01) or higher (0.42) ratios. Furthermore, this photocatalyst shows good stability, >70% after 5 cycles, and excellent chemoselectivity in the selective reduction of the nitro group in the presence of other functionalities, i.e. –COOH, –CONH2 and –OH.The authors thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and AEI/FEDER, UE for funding through the projects refs. RTI2018-099504-B-C21 and PID2021-128761OB-C21. This project has received funding from the Generalitat Valenciana under project ref. AICO/2021/132