Problemas y perspectivas de factorizar el desarrollo del mercado en Rusia

Bajo las condiciones de la crisis económica y la feroz competencia, las empresas pueden utilizar de manera eficiente recursos financieros asequibles, como el factoring, que es una herramienta competitiva de financiación empresarial que cumple con los estándares internacionales. Los beneficios de la factorización se pueden ver en todos los participantes de este servicio. Es beneficioso para los proveedores en términos de aumentar las ventas, la rotación y reducir las brechas de efectivo. Debido al factoring, los compradores obtienen préstamos de productos básicos y proporcionan el uso óptimo del capital de trabajo. Los comerciantes de comisiones aumentan sus ingresos y el número de clientes, y fortalecen sus posiciones en el mercado. En el mercado global, un aumento en el factoring independientemente de la presencia o ausencia de una crisis conduce a un aumento en el volumen de los flujos comerciales. En Rusia, la popularidad del factoring es baja en comparación con los préstamos bancarios, especialmente entre las pequeñas y medianas empresas. El documento analiza la composición de los actores en este mercado, examina la dinámica de los volúmenes de financiamiento proporcionados, el costo promedio ponderado de factoring en comparación con los intereses de los préstamos, el número de participantes y el financiamiento por industria y región del país. Basado en un análisis de la situación actual y datos de mercado a largo plazo, el documento resume los problemas de factoring en Rusia e identifica factores clave para factorizar el crecimiento del mercado en el futuro

The influence of aging on shape memory effect in Ti‑50.7at.%Ni and Ti‑51.7at.%Ni single crystals

The shape memory effect (SME) during stressassisted thermal cycles under compressive load in [001]-oriented Ti-50.7at.%Ni and Ti-51.7at.%Ni single crystals aged at 823 K for 1 h has been studied. Ti3Ni4 particles with a diameter of 300–400 nm were precipitated with volume fractions of 11 and 22% and interparticle distances of 300–500 nm and 50–150 nm, respectively. In quenched single crystals, the SME parameters were determined by the transformation type (thermal-induced martensitic transformation (MT) or strain glass transition). In contrast, the SME parameters of aged single crystals were determined by the volume fraction of particles and interparticle distances. Differing volume fractions of particles and interparticle distances led to different temperatures ( M0s ) for the formation of B19′-martensite, different strain (εrev), different dependences of the interval of forward MT ( Δσ1) and thermal hysteresis ( ΔT1= Aσf−Mσs and ΔT2= Aσs−Mσf) on applied stresses, and changes in the morphology of martensite crystals. Practically, these differences do not affect the stresses (σmin and σmax) required to achieve the minimum strain and maximum reversible strain (εrev) and strain growth coefficient (dεrev/dσ). The influence of aging on the dependence of the SME parameters on the chemical composition was analysed in comparison with quenched crystals

Modified Qigong Breathing Exercise for Reducing the Sense of Hunger on an Empty Stomach

Background: The aims of this study were to determine whether a modified Qigong breathing exercise can reduce the sense of hunger and identify possible mechanisms. Methods: The results from the test group, which performed the exercise, are compared with the control group, which performed deep breathing. Intestinal pressure measurements, stomach pH monitoring, and participant surveys were used for assessment. Results: Stomach pH was increased by 3 (0.2) and intestinal pressure was reduced by 12 (0.5) mm Hg in the experimental group and did not change significantly in the control group. The study provides strong evidence that the exercise can significantly reduce, or even suppress the sense of hunger on an empty stomach. Conclusion: This breathing exercise provides comfort in different circumstances, such as lack of regular meals, limited volume or caloric diet, and even during temporary complete absence of food in therapeutic fasting

Modified Qigong Breathing Exercise for Reducing the Sense of Hunger on an Empty Stomach

Background: The aims of this study were to determine whether a modified Qigong breathing exercise can reduce the sense of hunger and identify possible mechanisms. Methods: The results from the test group, which performed the exercise, are compared with the control group, which performed deep breathing. Intestinal pressure measurements, stomach pH monitoring, and participant surveys were used for assessment. Results: Stomach pH was increased by 3 (0.2) and intestinal pressure was reduced by 12 (0.5) mm Hg in the experimental group and did not change significantly in the control group. The study provides strong evidence that the exercise can significantly reduce, or even suppress the sense of hunger on an empty stomach. Conclusion: This breathing exercise provides comfort in different circumstances, such as lack of regular meals, limited volume or caloric diet, and even during temporary complete absence of food in therapeutic fasting

Bio-damaged Wood Processing in Microcrystalline Cellulose Production

Bio-damaged wood was studied as a potential raw material for the production of hydrolytic degradation cellulose products. Conditions for obtaining fine-dispersed microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) based on hydrolytic treatment of cellulose from bio-damaged wood were determined. A comparative analysis of the quantitative values of the degree of polymerization of default commercial cellulose and cellulose from damaged wood was performed. The objective of the work was to study the possibilities of obtaining MCC from bio-damaged wood possessing quantitative characteristics close to those obtained from the commercial wood, reducing the concentration of inorganic acid during the hydrolytic degradation. The experimental analysis showed that with an increase in the pulp refining degree from 15 °SR to 75 °SR, the time for the hydrolysis process decreased from 150 to 90 min, the temperature of chemical treatment decreased from 100 °C to 80 °C, and acid concentration by 0.5 N. The polymerisation degree of microcrystalline cellulose, regardless of the type of raw material, also decreased with an increase in the refining degree

Industrial Hemp Hurd Processing for Microcrystalline Cellulose Production and its Usage as a Filler in Paper

This article substantiates the possibilities of replacing commercial wood with raw materials made from industrial hemp hurd (hemp-woody core) for the production of unbleached and bleached paper pulps. A comparative analysis of the mechanical characteristics of sheets of paper prepared in the Rapid-Köthen apparatus and obtained from pulp obtained from commercial wood and hemp-woody core (HWC) was undertaken. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of mechanical refining of a pulp on the production of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from HWC. It was shown that an increase in the pulp refining degree from 15 °SR to 83 °SR led to a decrease in the degree of polymerisation of MCC from 272 to 75, the hydrochloric acid concentration from 73 to 45.63 g/L, and the hydrolysis time from 120 min to 60 min. With the addition of 5% MCC obtained from hemp-woody core, the mechanical properties of laboratory paper sheets from HWC were improved until they met ISO 12625-4-2017 (2017) requirements for NS-2. The results obtained support using hemp-woody core for the production of MCC