'Dol' net fisheries of the Saurashtra coast

In this communication an attempt has been made to give an overall view of the 'dol' net fishery of the S a u r a s h t r a Region of Gujarat. The method of 'dol' net operation, fishery, conditions and other factors prevailing in the three major landing centres namely Nawabunder, Rajpara and Jaffarabad are dealt with based on regular observations carried out during September 1995 to August 1997. 'Dol' nets are fixed bagnets which are tied to the poles or ropes anchored at the sea bottom and kept afloat by floats.In the Saurashtra coast heaps of stones are used as anchors. Nawabunder landing centre has a well constructed concrete jetty projecting into the sea. At Rajpara around 240 'dol' net units were under operation out of which 100 numbers were three netters and the rest two netters. At Jaffarabad about 280 'dol' netters were under operation out of which 60 were four netters. Bombay duck formed more than 50 % of the catch in all the three centres except in Nawabunder (44 %). The non-penaeids, formed more than 15 % of the catch at all the centres. Among the non-penaeids, Acetes spp. was the dominant one. These species alone formed about 15 % at Nawabunder. At Rajpara t h i s group formed about 13 % and at Jaffarabad about 11 %. The gold spotted anchovy (Coilia dussumeri) is also an important group landed in 'dol' nets. This group formed around 8 % In the dol net catches at all the centres. The peak season for Bombay duck was October to December at all landing centres and catches were poor during the monsoon months. But for non- penaeids and gold spotted anchovy the main season was March to May, and the catches were more during 1996-'97 than 1995- '96. The main season for the gold spotted anchovy was between December and March

FORMULATION, OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF FLOATING TABLETS CLARITHROMYCIN

Objective: The present aim of this study was to formulate, optimize and evaluation of floating tablets of Clarithromycin.Methods: Floating tablets of Clarithromycin were formulated using polymer HPMC K15M with sodium bicarbonate as gas generating agent by wet granulation method. A 32 factorial design were applied to systematically optimize the drug release profile. The amount of citric acid (X1) and concentration of polymer HPMC K15M (X2) was selected as independent variables. The drug release at 6 hours (Q6) and drug release at 12 hour (Q12), and diffusion exponent (n) was selected as dependent variables.Results: The results of factorial design indicated that low level of HPMC K15M favors the preparation of floating controlled release of Clarithromycin tablets. The tablets were evaluated for thickness, hardness, weight variation, floating lag time, total floating time, swelling index, drug content uniformity and in vitro drug release in 0.1N HCL (pH 1.2). The in vitro dissolution profiles of all the prepared Clarithromycin floating drug delivery system formulations was found to extend the drug release over a period of 10 to 12 hours and the drug release rate decreased with increase in polymer concentration.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the decreased in citric acid concentration in the formulation showed decreased in drug release, this is due to citric acid reaction with sodium bicarbonate resulting generation of carbon dioxide gas at a faster rate, increased rate of drug release. Increasing the concentration of HPMC K15M resulted in reduction of drug release

A record of sun fish Mola mola from coastal waters at Veraval

Fishes belonging to the family Molidae, commonly called as ocean sun fishes or head fishes and known as 'Kakhida' locally, are frequently observed in the trawl net landings at Bhidia fish landing centre of Veraval, mostly during the post-winter months

Depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a cross sectional study from rural tertiary care hospital of South Karnataka, India

Background: Depression is associated with a 60% increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and diabetes doubles the odds of depression. This study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of depression and to assess the association between glycemic control and depression in diabetic patients.Methods: Total 130 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were included in this cross-sectional hospital-based study. Study protocol included detailed clinical history, examination, administering of questionnaire-based scale and investigations. Fasting plasma glucose, post prandial plasma glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, renal function test and electrolytes of these subjects were determined. Becks depression inventory (BDI) scale was used for diagnosis and grading the severity of depression among these patients.Results: Out of 130 diabetic patients, depression was present in 39.23% of the individuals, among which, 16.15% had mild depression, 10% had borderline depression, 7.69% had moderate depression, 3.07% had severe depression and 2.3% had extreme depression. Prevalence of depression in patients with glycated haemoglobin levels of ≤6.4 was found to be 29.16%, 6.5 to 7 was 33.76% and ≥7.1% was 62.07%.Conclusions: Depression was found to be more common in diabetic patients compared to general population. The prevalence of depression was more among patients with long duration of diabetes, female sex, Muslim religion, substance abuse, complications associated with diabetes and poor glycaemic control. More case control studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm this association

In Silico Prediction of 3D Structure of Pectatelyase from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

In Silico Prediction of 3D Structure of Pectatelyase from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersic

Practice of hooks and line fishery off Satpathi waters, Maharashtra

In trawler boats the fishermen utilize manually operated hooks and line using cephalopods, ribbon fishes, mackerel and other fishes caught in the trawl nets as baits. Trawl nets and hooks and line were employed alternatively and the operation reached a peak in the period from October to January and in the "Mahashivarathri" season. Average catch per boat for the following season (October 1997- January 1998) varied from 200 to 1,000 kg and mainly comprised S.commersoni, Thunnus tonggol and Euthynnus ajfinis along with a few numbers of Epinephelus spp., Rachycentron canadus and P, diacanthus

The first sighting of Longman’s beaked whale, Indopacetus pacificus in the southern Bay of Bengal

Information on at-sea sightings of beaked wholes are rare from the Indian and Sri-Lankan waters because of the relative rarity of vessels working in deep oceans where these species are encountered. A recent survey onboard FORV ‘Sagar Sampada’ brought out the first confirmed sighting of live animals of Longman’s beaked whole. Indopacetus pacificus from the southern Bay of Bengal. The details of the sighting, illustrated with photographs are presented in this note

Integrating IoT and Novel Approaches to Enhance Electromagnetic Image Quality using Modern Anisotropic Diffusion and Speckle Noise Reduction Techniques

Electromagnetic imaging is becoming more important in many sectors, and this requires high-quality pictures for reliable analysis. This study makes use of the complementary relationship between IoT and current image processing methods to improve the quality of electromagnetic images. The research presents a new framework for connecting Internet of Things sensors to imaging equipment, allowing for instantaneous input and adjustment. At the same time, the suggested system makes use of sophisticated anisotropic diffusion algorithms to bring out key details and hide noise in electromagnetic pictures. In addition, a cutting-edge technique for reducing speckle noise is used to combat this persistent issue in electromagnetic imaging. The effectiveness of the suggested system was determined via a comparison to standard imaging techniques. There was a noticeable improvement in visual sharpness, contrast, and overall clarity without any loss of information, as shown by the results. Incorporating IoT sensors also facilitated faster calibration and real-time modifications, which opened up new possibilities for use in contexts with a high degree of variation. In fields where electromagnetic imaging plays a crucial role, such as medicine, remote sensing, and aerospace, the ramifications of this study are far-reaching. Our research demonstrates how the Internet of Things (IoT) and cutting-edge image processing have the potential to dramatically improve the functionality and versatility of electromagnetic imaging systems

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Note on a dolphin, Sousa chinensis landed at Veraval

On 18-10-1997 a humpback dolphin measuring 201 cm in total length was accidentally entangled in a gill net operated off Veraval and was landed at Bhidiya fish landing centre. The specimen was identified as Sousa chinensis