39 research outputs found
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SPIRO (INDOLE-THIAZOLIDINE) DERIVATIVES AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
Objective: The present study aims to synthesize and biological evaluation of Spiro-[Indole-Thiazolidine] derivatives as antimicrobial agents.
Methods: The reaction sequence involves microwave-induced preparation of N-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3’H-indol-3-ylidene)pyridine-4-carbohydrazide [3] from isoniazid [1] and isatin [2] followed by the cyclo condensation of [3] and mercaptoacetic acid under microwave condition to achieve the synthesis of spiro-[indole-thiazolidine] derivatives [4]. The resulting compounds were then allowed to react with various aromatic and heterocyclic aromatic aldehydes to afford arylidene derivatives [5a-l].
Result: Isoniazid (1) on condensation with isatin (2) in the presence of catalytic amount of glacial acetic acid furnished N-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3’H-indol-3-ylidene) pyridine-4-carbohydrazide (3), which showed characteristic IR, absorption bands. Compound (3) underwent Spiro cyclization upon its reaction with mercaptoacetic acid in the presence of anhydrous ZnCl2 to form spiro-[indole-thiazolidine] compound (4). Compound (4) was then condensed with aromatic aldehydes to give arylidene derivatives (5a-l), which were characterized by IR and 1H NMR spectral data.
Conclusion: All the synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity by the cup plate method. Most of the derivatives showed good antimicrobial activity against Gram-Positive and Gram-negative bacteria
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
Objective: The present study aims to synthesize and biological evaluation of benzimidazole derivatives as antimicrobial agents.
Methods: 2-Methylbenzimidazole react with ethyl-chloroacetate gives N1-Ethylacetate-2-methyl-benzimidazole (1), which on reaction with thiosemicarbazide gives N1-acetylthiosemicarbazide-2-methyl-benzimidazole (2). The compound (2) on dehydrative annulation by mineral acid gives N1-(2’-amino-5’-methylene)-1’,3’,4’-thiadiazole-2-methyl-benzimidazole(3), which on condensation with various aromatic and hetero aromatic aldehydes gives N1-(2-substituted-Benzylidene-imino-5’-methylene)-1’, 3’, 4’-Thiadiazole]-2-methyl-benzimidazole(4a-4l).
Results: The reaction sequence involves microwave-induced preparation of N1-Ethylacetate-2-methyl-benzimidazole (1) from reaction of 2-methylbenzimidazole with ethyl-chloroacetate. Further reaction with thiosemicarbazide gives N1-acetylthiosemicarbazide-2-methyl-benzimidazole (2). The compound (2) on dehydrative annulation by sulfuric acid gives N1-(2’-amino-5’-methylene)-1’,3’,4’-thiadiazole-2-methyl-benzimidazole(3), which on condensation with various aromatic and hetero aromatic aldehydes gives N1-(2-substituted-Benzylidene-imino-5’-methylene)-1’, 3’, 4’-Thiadiazole]-2-methyl-benzimidazole(4a-4l). Which were characterized by IR and 1H NMR spectral data.
Conclusion: All the synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity by cup plate method. Most of the derivatives showed good antimicrobial activity against Gram-Positive and Gram-negative bacteria
Innovative biofilm inhibition and anti-microbial behavior of molybdenum sulfide nanostructures generated by microwave-assisted solvothermal route
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Synthesis and characterization of chemical spray [yrolysed CZTS thin films for solar cell applications
In present work, thin films of CZTS have been prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) by spraying precursor solution directly onto the soda lime glass (SLG) substrates by varying sulphur molar concentration. Copper chloride [CuCl2.2H2O], zinc chloride [ZnCl2.2H2O], tin chloride [SnCl4.5H2O] and thiourea [(NH2)2CS] were used as precursor materials to deposit CZTS thin films by using home-built chemical spray pyrolysis system. Influence of sulphur variation on structural, optical, morphology and electrical properties of CZTS films have been investigated by using variety techniques such as low angle x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), UV-Visible spectroscopy, four probe method, etc. The formation of CZTS has been confirmed by low angle XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The structural analysis reveals formation of kesterite tetragonal phase with preferential orientation along (112) direction. The band gap values of CZTS thin films have been calculated and found in the range 2 - 2.25 eV over the entire range of sulphur variation studied. The change in band gap may be due to quantum confinement effects at nanoscale. The morphological studies show formation of islands of nanoscale particulate clusters which constitute the films in most of the samples. The films exhibit higher resistivity values (in KΩ) which may be due to presence of the strain in the films
Indium-doped ZnOas efficient photosensitive material for sunlight driven hydrogen generation and DSSC applications: integrated experimental and computational approach
Electricity generation using simple and cheap dye-sensitized solar cells and photocatalytic water splitting to produce future fuel, hydrogen, directly under natural sunlight fascinated the researchers worldwide. Herein, synthesis of indium-doped wurtzite ZnO nanostructures with varying molar percentage of indium from 0.25 to 3.0% with concomitant characterization indicating wurtzite structure is reported. The shift of (002) reflection plane to higher 2θ degree with increase in indium-doping thus is a clear evidence of doping of indium in zinc oxide nanoparticles. Surface morphological as well as microstructural studies of In@ZnO exhibited generation of ZnO nanoparticles and nanoplates of diameter 10–30 nm. The structures have been correlated well using computational density functional (DFT) studies. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy depicted the extended absorbance of these materials in the visible region. Hence, the photocatalytic activity towards hydrogen generation from water under natural sunlight as well as efficient DSSC fabrication of these newly synthesized materials has been demonstrated. In-doped ZnO exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity towards hydrogen evolution (2465 μmol/h/g) via water splitting under natural sunlight. DSSC fabricated using 2% In-doped ZnO exhibited an efficiency of 3.46% which is higher than other reported In-doped ZnO based DSSCs
On the inadequacy of environment impact assessments for projects in Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park of Goa, India : a peer review
The Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) is a regulatory framework adopted since 1994 in India to evaluate the impact and mitigation measures of projects, however, even after 25 years of adoption, EIAs continue to be of inferior quality with respect to biodiversity documentation and assessment of impacts and their mitigation measures. This questions the credibility of the exercise, as deficient EIAs are habitually used as a basis for project clearances in ecologically sensitive and irreplaceable regions. The authors reiterate this point by analysing impact assessment documents for three projects: the doubling of the National Highway-4A, doubling of the railway-line from Castlerock to Kulem, and laying of a 400-kV transmission line through the Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park in the state of Goa. Two of these projects were recently granted ‘Wildlife Clearance’ during a virtual meeting of the Standing Committee of the National Board of Wildlife (NBWL) without a thorough assessment of the project impacts. Assessment reports for the road and railway expansion were found to be deficient on multiple fronts regarding biodiversity assessment and projected impacts, whereas no impact assessment report was available in the public domain for the 400-kV transmission line project. This paper highlights the biodiversity significance of this protected area complex in the Western Ghats, and highlights the lacunae in biodiversity documentation and inadequacy of mitigation measures in assessment documents for all three diversion projects. The EIA process needs to improve substantially if India is to protect its natural resources and adhere to environmental protection policies and regulations nationally and globally
Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis with acute kidney injury: A case report with review of literature
Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis is a medical condition that results from muscle injury. Renal failure is the most serious complication of rhabdomyolysis, but is rare. We report a case of acute kidney injury following heavy exercise in a healthy, young adult
Vapour phase decomposition of cyclohexanol over mixed metal oxide system
510-512Mixed metal oxides, viz., ferrites have
been investigated for their catalytic activity for vapour phase decomposition of
cyclohexanol. A good correlation between electronic activation energy and catalytic
activity has been observed. The ferrites have been prepared by co- precipitation
technique and characterized by XRD, IR and electrical conductivity measurements.
The kinetics of the reaction has been studied. The reaction follows typical first
order kinetics. The activation energy for cyclohexanol decomposition has been found
to be 29.45 kJ/mol
Sphincter-Preserving Therapy with Topical 2% Diltiazem for Chronic Anal Fissure: Our Experience
Background: Chronic anal fissure is a common
problem across the world treated largely by surgical
methods. Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of
topical agents like Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) in anal
fissure but it has been shown to have side effects like
headache and dizziness. There is a need for a
pharmacological therapy for fissure which has fewer
side effects. Hence, this study was taken up to assess
the efficacy and adverse effects of topical 2%
Diltiazem (DTZ) gel. Aim & Objectives: To assess the
efficacy and side effect of topical treatment with 2%
DTZ gel in patient with chronic anal fissure. Material
and Methods: Consecutive fifty adult patients with
symptomatic chronic anal fissure attending the surgery
clinic were enrolled in the study form February 2014-
July 2014 and they were treated with regular topical
application of 2% DTZ cream. Patients were followed
up at regular intervals for symptomatic relief and
healing of fissure. Results: In our study postdefecatory
pain, bleeding and irritation were
significantly reduced after 2week of therapy and a
th primary healing rate of 86% (43 out of 50) at 6 week of
therapy. The primary side-effects of 2% DTZ gel
appeared to be perianal dermatitis and pruritis ani in
14% cases. Conclusion: Topical 2% DTZ gel is an
effective agent in the treatment of chronic anal fissure.
The need for hospital stay is abolished; psychological
and financial burden on the patient is reduced. With a
healing rate close to 90%, topical DTZ can be easily
advised as the first line of treatment of chronic anal
fissure