Al-Wa‘d as Muhallil of Multi Contract (Ambiguity of Applying Al-Wa'd in Modern Transaction)

Wa'd (the unilateral promise) is an alternative for separate multi contract in one transaction and ribâ that are prohibited with Islamic law. The application of this promise faces difficulty because of difference of principle between unilateral promise that is not binding and the business practice that based on rule of law. The fatwa of DSN, in one side, use both unilateral promise (wa'd) and bilateral promise (muwâ'adah), and other side, consider such as binding in case and not binding in other case. This indicates the difficulty for applying wa'd at the modern contract. Fatwa of DSN has tendency on binding the promise, especially uni-lateral promise. The consequence of this binding is the confusion between promise and contract and the perform of both at the transaction.Copyright (c) 2016 by KARSA. All right reserved DOI: 10.19105/karsa.v24i2.100

Pemberdayaan Komunikasi Pemuka Pendapat dalam Penanganan Bencana Gempa Bumi di YOGYAKARTA (Kasus Kabupaten Bantul)

This research is aimed at knowing communication empowerment for opinion leaders in the post-disaster handling of the Yogyakarta earthquake, especially in Bantul Regency. The analysis was held to find out the opinion leader's personal characteristics, opinion leader's communication behavior, community group, opinion leader'scommunication empowerment in the post-disaster handling and also the influence of the opinion leader's personalcharacteristics, opinion leader's communication behavior, community group, for opinion leader's communicationempowerment in the post-disaster handling of the Yogyakarta earthquake. This research was designed as surveymethods, using simple random sampling methods for 91 respondents. The analysis was done by descriptivefrequency, Chi-Square and multiple regression. The result shown that opinion leader's occupation has influence tothe basic social service in the opinion leader's communication empowerment in disaster handling. Opinion leader'ssalary has influence to the program information. Personage has influence to the basic social service. Opinionleader's responses to mass media has influence to the victim rescue stage. Community group has real influence to theempowerment disaster handling communication. Group structure occupation has strong influence to the temporaryhousing. Group building has strong influence to the reconstruction housing. Group cohesion has strong influence to all activity of the empowerment disaster handling communication. Group atmosphere has strong influence to thetemporary housing. Group pressure influence to the mental rehabilitation only. Group direction has strong influenceto the temporary housing. The communication empowerment for opinion leaders is necessary to make the postdisasterhandling program successful

Efektivitas Penyebaran Informasi di Bidang Pertanian melalui Perpustakaan Digital (Kasus Pusat Perpustakaan dan Penyebaran Teknologi Pertanian)

The research was conducted to know and analyze the effectiveness of agricultural information dissemination throughdigital library. The characteristic, information accessibility and communication intensity of library user and thecorrelation of their variables was analyzed partially or simultaneously. The research location was performed atPusat Perpustakaan dan Penyebaran Teknologi Pertanian (PUSTAKA) Bogor, and conducted from March until June2008. This research was designed by using a survey method with correlation descriptive. Data collected byquestionnaire and the samples were taken by employing a non-probability sampling method with conveniencesampling, involving 82 respondents which consists the library user of university student. The analysis was done bydescriptive frequency and inferential analysis with Rank Spearman correlation by SPSS 16.0 for windows program.The result showed that the characteristic, information accessibility and communication intensity of library user bytogether didn't show significantly correlation with the diffusion effectiveness of agricultural through digital library atPUSTAKA Bogor. It means the user come to the library to look for the information what they need, it doesn't showcorrelation with the availability of facilities at PUSTAKA. However the correlation occurring between thecharacteristic of library user and information accessibilities was shown significantly. The diffusion of agriculturalthrough digital library at PUSTAKA Bogor has already run effectively. Therefore, it can be as a reference for thesame library to other libraries in Indonesia for developing the digital library. The digital library of PUSTAKA shouldpromote to the public with publicity and advertisement, especially through television as the digital library beingcomplete and modern in agriculture sector

Peranan Bioteknologi dan Mikroba Endofit dalam Pengembangan Obat Herbal

Plants have been the chief source of compounds of medicine for thousand of years. Plants are also the source of many medicines for the majority of the worldÂ’s population. The role of biotechnology is very important for multiplying, conserving the spesies, and enhancing the production of secondary metabolites. Endophytes are microbes that inhabit plants are currently considered to be a wellspring of novel secondary metabolites offering the potensial for medical and industrial exploitation. Natural products from various endophytic microbes have been investigated. Some examples of natural products observed from endophytic microbes are antibiotics, antiviral compounds, anticancers, antimalarial compounds, antioxidants, antidiabetics, and immunosuppressive compounds

Avian Influenza a (H5n1) : Patogenesis, Pencegahan Dan Penyebaran Pada Manusia

Avian influenza A (H5N1), or highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), has become the worldÂ’s attention because of possibility of global pandemic. This review describes the features of human infection, pathogenesis, transmission, and clinical management of avian influenza A (H5N1)

Pemanfaatan Media Komunikasi Prima Tani, Aksesibilitas Kelembagaan Tani, dan Persepsi Petani Tentang Teknologi Agribisnis Industrial Pedesaan

This research aims to know the relation between Prima Tani media communications and accessibility of farmerinstitution with farmer perception about technology introduction of Rural Agribusiness Industrial. In this research tofind characteristic personal, Prima Tani of media communications and accessibility of farmer institution influencingfarmer perception about technology introduction of Rural Agribusiness Industrial in province of West Java and SouthSulawesi. Result of research indicates: nonformal education has correlation with perception of cooperator farmer inWest Java. Ages, formal and nonformal education has negative correlation with perception of noncooperator farmerin West Java at economic and social aspect. In South Sulawesi, formal education and experience of farm hascorrelation with perception of cooperator farmer at economic aspect, average income and land use field hascorrelation with social aspect. Average income and land use status has negative correlation with noncooperatorfarmer perception in social aspect and land use status at social aspect, land use status has correlation withnoncooperator farmer perception at economic aspect. In West Java, spread out technology and clinic agribusinesshas correlation with perception of cooperator farmer with biophysic and economic aspect. Prima Tani mediacommunications has correlation with biophysic and social aspect. Spread out technological and Prima Tani mediacommunication has correlation with perception of noncooperator farmer in West Java at social aspect, clinicagribusiness has correlation with noncooperator farmer in economic aspect. In South Sulawesi, spread outtechnological has correlation with biophysic and social aspect. Prima Tani media communications and clinicagribusiness has correlation with perception of cooperator farmer at social and economic aspect. In West Java,accessibility of farmer institution has correlation with perception of cooperator farmer in biophysic, social andeconomic aspect. Accessibility of farmer institution has correlation with noncooperator farmer perception in socialand economic aspect. In South Sulawesi, accessibility of farmer institution has correlation with cooperator farmerperception in social and biophysic aspect

Manajemen Investasi Wakaf Uang

The expansion of cash waqf is constrained of the legal status still be debatable and the investment of waqf limited only on Islamic banking. MUI fatwas can be used as the basis of money in addition to the validity of the practice of cash waqf in the early Islamic period. Waqf investment money needs to be developed not only through Islamic banking as currently practiced. Cash waqf can be invested directly to the real sector, especially to finance small and medium enterprises. Islamic instruments such as Islamic bonds, stocks, mutual funds, and Islamic financial institutions such as cooperatives sharia, Islamic insurance, Islamic financing, Islamic leasing can be used as a means of investing waqf. Importantly, any type of investment must be secured to keep the cash waqf guaranteed