Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Mint (Mentha) essential oil

Natural products of plant origin, such as essential oils have great benefit for human life. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of mint (mentha) essential oil (EO). The EO obtained by steam distillation and their constituents were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The disc diffusion method was used for the determination of the antimicrobial activity. In the antimicrobial activity, the concentrations of 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30, 60μg/mL of mint essential oil were prepared and tested against four microbes; one Gram-positive: Staphylococcus aureus; two Gram-negative: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia; and one fungal strain, Candida albicans. The oil content was 0.05% (v/w) and the GC-MS analysis led to the identification 42 components, the major components were found to be, Carvone (53.06%), D-limonene (25.65%), and Eucalyptol (2.56%). The inhibition zones of the oil were compared with standard ciprofloxacin. The results showed that the remarkable inhibition of the bacterial growth against the tested organisms. The microbial activity of mint essential oil was due to the presence of various secondary metabolites. Therefore, may warrant further research to determine the bioactive compound(s)

Increased expression of endothelial lipase in symptomatic and unstable carotid plaques

The aim of this study was to evaluate endothelial lipase (EL) protein expression in advanced human carotid artery plaques (HCAP) with regard to plaque (in)stability and the incidence of symptoms. HCAP were collected from 66 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The degree of plaque (in)stability was estimated by ultrasound and histology. In HCAP sections, EL expression was determined by immunostaining and the intensity was assessed on a semi-quantitative scale (low: <25%, high: >25% positive cells). Monocytes and macrophages in adjacent HCAP sections were stained with a CD163 specific antibody. High EL staining was more prevalent in histologically unstable plaques (in 33.3% of fibrous plaques, 50% of ulcerated non-complicated plaques and 79.2% of ulcerated complicated plaques; χ2 test, p = 0.004) and in the symptomatic group (70.8 vs. 42.9% in the asymptomatic group; χ2 test, p = 0.028). The majority of EL immunostaining was found in those HCAP regions exhibiting a strong CD163 immunostaining. EL in HCAP might be a marker and/or promoter of plaque instability and HCAP-related symptomatology

Exploring Morphosyntax-related Semantic and Pragmatic Dimension Losses in Three English Translations of the Meanings of Sūrah AlKahf: A Comparative Pragmalinguistic Analytical Study

The current research paper explores some morphosyntax-related semantic and pragmatic dimension losses in three English translations of the meanings of Sūrah AlKahf of Mohammed A.S Abdel- Hakeem, Mohammed M. Pickthall, and Mohammed Khan and Mohammed Taj Al-Din Al-Hilai . Also, the study aims at probing the reasons that lead to these semantic and pragmatic losses, either partial or complete. The two researchers utilized the qualitative descriptive paradigm, which is proper and apt to this study because the Holy Quran rendition is multiplex and cannot be deeply examined adopting another alternative research paradigm. Markedly, the qualitative descriptive paradigm is apt to analyze the data extracted from the three translations of Mohammed A.S Abdel- Hakeem, Mohammed M. Pickthall, and Mohammed Khan and Mohammed Taj Al-Din Al-Hilai Abdel of Surah AlKahf .The study indicated losses in renditions, tense, verbs, losses of consistency and morphosyntax grouping, and culture-specific terms. The study also revealed that the morphosyntax-related semantic and pragmatic dimension losses might lead to meaning losses, fixed expressions, idioms, or culture-specific terms. This study recommends that the translators of the Holy Quran in general and the translators of Surah AlKahf, notably, employ suitable translation strategies to decrease the morphosyntax-related semantic and pragmatic dimension losses in the translation of the Holy Quran

Rhetorical Loss in Translating Qur'anic Similes Into English: A Comparative Stylistic Analytical Study

The present research paper aims to examine through comparative stylistic analysis some rhetorical loss in translating Qur'anic similes into English that is in the work of Mohammed. A. S. Abdel Haleem, Mohammed. M Pickthall and Mohammed Khan and Mohammed Taj Al-Din Al-Hilali. Translating the Qur'anic similes into English creates a major area of difficulty and poses a momentous challenge for translators and interpreters of the Holy Quran for various reasons such as stylistic and cultural gaps and lack of equivalent. Also, the study intends to identify the translation procedures used by the three translators in rendering the Qur'anic similes into English. The findings indicated that translating the Qur'anic similes into English is an arduous and difficult task, and their translation inaccurately leads to rhetorical loss. Finally, the study indicated that the three translators are not fully cognizant of the Quranic similes and their meanings, leading them to fall into the pitfall of inaccuracy and imprecision

Constrains of Rendering Some Selected Qur’anic Verses (Āyahs) into English: A Sociorhetorical Interpretation

The present study aims to examine the cultural and lexical constrains that encounter the translators of the Holy Quran in rendering some selected Qur'anic verses (Āyahs) into English (with reference to three English translations by Khan and Hilali (1996), Pickthall (1997), and Abdel Haleem (2005)) that are based upon the contexts and the interpretive meaning of the elugent and rhetorical expressions To avert such cultural and lexical constrains, the study aims to explore the translation strategies that are employed by the three translators in rendering the Qur'anic elugent and rhetorical expressions into English . The study has revealed that there are some cultural and lexical constrains that face the translators when rendering Qur'anic verses (Āyahs) into English. That is due to their sacred status and cultural and linguistic barriers that exist between Arabic and English cultures..Also, the results of the study have showed that the three translators have adopted various strategies such as transliteration, transposing , cultural substitution, and footnotes .It is expected that the study will cast light on an important idea. It is essential that translators of the Holy Qur’an must render the meaning of the elugent and rhetorical expressions of the Noble Qur’an accurately to preserve the original meaning of the Qur’anic text

Semantic and Stylistic Problems Encountered in Translating Qur'anic Digression “Iltifât” Into English: A Contrastive Linguistic Study

This research paper aims to explore the digression ''Iltifât'' as one of the effective rhetorical devices used generally in the language of the Holy Quran. The purposive sample of the study was selected randomly from Qur'anic verses containing Iltifāt or digression and their renditions by three translators, namely, Abdel Haleem, Khan Hilali, and Pickthall. The study's findings revealed that the translations of the three translators adopted several translation strategies such as literal translation, couplet translation to render the Qur'anic digression, or shifting (Iltifat) expressions into English. Moreover, the study also indicated that both literal translation and couplet translation are not always adequate for translating the Qur'anic digression or shifting (Iltifat) expressions because they have not successfully maintained the meaning of the Qur'anic Arabic digression ''Iltifât'' (ST) into the Qur'anic digression ''Iltifât'' English version (TT)

Constrains of Rendering Some Selected Qur’anic Verses (Āyahs) into English: A Sociorhetorical Interpretation

The present study aims to examine the cultural and lexical constrains that encounter the translators of the Holy Quran in rendering some selected Qur'anic verses (Āyahs) into English (with reference to three English translations by Khan and Hilali (1996), Pickthall (1997), and Abdel Haleem (2005)) that are based upon the contexts and the interpretive meaning of the elugent and rhetorical expressions To avert such cultural and lexical constrains, the study aims to explore the translation strategies that are employed by the three translators in rendering the Qur'anic elugent and rhetorical expressions into English . The study has revealed that there are some cultural and lexical constrains that face the translators when rendering Qur'anic verses (Āyahs) into English. That is due to their sacred status and cultural and linguistic barriers that exist between Arabic and English cultures..Also, the results of the study have showed that the three translators have adopted various strategies such as transliteration, transposing , cultural substitution, and footnotes .It is expected that the study will cast light on an important idea. It is essential that translators of the Holy Qur’an must render the meaning of the elugent and rhetorical expressions of the Noble Qur’an accurately to preserve the original meaning of the Qur’anic text

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Salvia Officinals Essential Oils

The microbes’ diseases are one of the health problems for many countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical components, antimicrobial activity of essential oils from dry leaves of Salvia officinalis L. (sage). The oil was obtained by steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC–MS). The antimicrobial assay of the oils was evaluated against four microbes (three bacteria and one fungus) namely; Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans by disc diffusion method. The chemical composition analysis of the essential oils by GC–MS led to the identification of 48 components, and the dominant compounds were: Eucalyptol (30.56%), (+)-2-Bornanone (13.59%), (IR)-2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo (3.1.1) hept-2-e (7.02%) and camphene (6.96%). In the antimicrobial activity test, the oil showed moderate to good activities against tested microorganisms. The antimicrobial activity of the oils against bacteria was far higher than against fungus. In conclusion the S. officinalis essential oil showed potential antimicrobial activity. The research may warrant further work to determine the bioactive compound(s)