Ohio Strip Mine Spoils: Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Characterization and Changes Due to Liming and Organic Additions

Author Institution: Department of Zoological and Biomedical Sciences, Ohio UniversitySoutheastern Ohio strip mine spoils and garden soil were characterized physico-chemically and microbiologically. Spoils, limed spoils and garden soil that had been sterilized were amended with cellulose or sucrose and some minerals, including ammonium-nitrogen. The samples were inoculated with microbes from a garden compost infusion and incubated for 3 wk at 25 C. Soil water content was held at 80% field capacity. Changes in microbial populations, nitrate concentration and soil aggregation were followed for 3 wk. Microbial populations and soil aggregation increased mostly during the first week in all samples. Molds predominated in acid spoils while bacteria and actinomycetes declined. In limed spoils and garden soil bacteria and actinomycetes outgrew the molds. In spite of the inoculation with nitrifying bacteria, nitrification did not occur in acid spoils but continued for 3 wk in the other samples. It was shown that liming and proper amendments did improve the characteristics of acid spoils

Alles digital? E-Books in Studium und Forschung : Weimarer EDOC-Tage 2011

Es ist ein Bild aus alten Tagen: ein wissbegieriger Student, auf der Suche nach fundierter wissenschaftlicher Information, begibt sich an den heiligsten Ort aller Bücher – die Universitätsbibliothek. Doch seit einiger Zeit tummeln sich Studierende nicht mehr nur in Bibliotheken, sondern auch immer häufiger im Internet. Sie suchen und finden dort digitale Bücher, sogenannte E-Books. Wie lässt sich der Wandel durch den Einzug des E-Books in das etablierte Forschungssystem beschreiben, welche Konsequenzen lassen sich daraus ablesen und wird schließlich alles digital, sogar die Bibliothek? Diesen Fragen geht ein elfköpfiges Expertenteam aus Deutschland und der Schweiz während der zweitägigen Konferenz auf den Grund. Bei den Weimarer E-DOC-Tagen geht es nun um die Veränderung des institutionellen Gefüges rund um das digitale Buch. Denn traditionell sind Verlage und Bibliotheken wichtige Bestandteile der Wissensversorgung in Studium und Lehre. Doch mit dem Aufkommen des E-Books verlagert sich die Recherche mehr und mehr ins Internet. Die Suchmaschine Google tritt als neuer Konkurrent der klassischen Bibliotheksrecherche auf. Aber auch Verlage müssen verstärkt auf die neuen Herausforderungen eines digitalen Buchmarktes reagieren. In Kooperation mit der Universitätsbibliothek und dem Master-Studiengang Medienmanagement diskutieren Studierende, Wissenschaftler, Bibliothekare und Verleger, wie das E-Book unseren Umgang mit Literatur verändert. Der Tagungsband stellt alle Perspektiven und Ergebnisse zum Nachlesen zusammen

Application of Ewald's Method for Efficient Summation of Dyon Long-Range Potentials

We study a model of dyons for SU(2) Yang-Mills theory at finite temperature T < T_c, in particular its ability to generate a confining force between a static quark antiquark pair. The interaction between dyons corresponds to a long-range 1/r potential, which in naive treatments with a finite number of dyons typically gives rise to severe finite volume effects. To avoid such effects we apply the so-called Ewald method, which has its origin in solid state physics. The basic idea of Ewald's method is to consider a finite number of dyons inside a finite cubic volume and enforce periodicity of this volume. We explain the technicalities of Ewald's method and outline how the method can be applied to a wider class of 1/r^p long-range potentials.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, contribution to conference "Confinement X

Noise-Activated Escape from a Sloshing Potential Well

We treat the noise-activated escape from a one-dimensional potential well of an overdamped particle, to which a periodic force of fixed frequency is applied. We determine the boundary layer behavior, and the physically relevant length scales, near the oscillating well top. We show how stochastic behavior near the well top generalizes the behavior first determined by Kramers, in the case without forcing. Both the case when the forcing dies away in the weak noise limit, and the case when it does not, are examined. We also discuss the relevance of various scaling regimes to recent optical trap experiments.Comment: 9 pages, no figures, REVTeX, expanded versio

Adaptive and Dynamic Feedback Loops between Production System and Production Network based on the Asset Administration Shell

In production networks, production must run efficiently across company boundaries. Companies must be able to react quickly as a single unit. Two trends are influencing this situation: On the one hand, the progressing servitization leads to the increased offering of digital services in the field of manufacturing. From the literature, it is known that digital services let manufacturers, suppliers, and industrial customers interact more closely and frequently in a production network. On the other hand, the concept of the digital twin is trending. It promises the real-time prognosis and control of production systems. Although the concept of the digital twin itself can be vague there are some technologies trying to implement the digital twin of production. The asset administration shell (AAS) is an example of such a technology that draws growing attention. Picking up the initial situation these two trends could be used to create a feedback loop between the production system and network and thus improve the overall efficiency in production networks. Based on this idea, the paper first presents an approach to model systematically a possibility for a feedback loop orienting to the business model concept. Second, a reference architecture is derived from the RAMI 4.0 standard. The specified reference architecture is the basis for the specific implementation. Third, a procedure is developed to implement a specific architecture. For implementing an architecture, the usage of the asset administration shell is assumed. Finally, the approach is validated in a use case from the high precision weight industry

Kinetics of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced fluorescence in organ cultures of bronchial epithelium and tumor

Background: 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) fluorescence improves the differentiation of tumor and normal tissue in the bladder, skin and brain. Objective: The kinetics of 5-ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) fluorescence in organ cultures of normal human bronchial epithelium and cocultures of bronchial epithelium and tumor have been studied. Methods: Cultured biopsies of bronchial epithelium were exposed for 5 or 15 min, or continuously to 5-ALA. PPIX fluorescence was quantified for up to 300 min by spectroscopy. Cocultures of normal bronchial epithelium and a non-small-cell lung cancer cell line (EPLC-32M1) were incubated with 5-ALA. Space-resolved fluorescence microscopy was used to quantify PPIX fluorescence kinetics in the tumor and normal epithelium. Results: In cultures of normal epithelium, PPIX fluorescence kinetics were shown to depend on the duration of exposure to 5-ALA. There was a trend to higher fluorescence intensities with longer exposure times. In cocultures of bronchial epithelium and tumor, increases of fluorescence intensity were significantly greater in the tumor. Best tumor/normal tissue fluorescence ratios were found between 110 and 160 min after exposure to 5-ALA. Conclusion: Data obtained in this coculture system of bronchial epithelium and tumor is valuable to optimize modalities of fluorescence bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of early bronchial carcinoma. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel