Estimation of forest Carbon Stocks in Ba Be National Park, Bac Kan province, Vietnam

Climate change and an increase in the greenhouse effect are a matter of global concern. One of reasons for this phenomenon is the increase in greenhouse gases, especially CO2. Therefore, the authors investigated CO2 absorption from forests of 45 plots in Ba Be National Park, characterized by 3 forest states as rich, medium and poor forest, rehabilitated forest after exploitation to estimate carbon sequestration of the forest. In which, the carbon stock of rich forest reaches 273.17 tones/ha, the medium forest is 136.23 tones/ha and the poor forest, rehabilitated forest is 42.06 tones/ha. With a forest growth rate of 1.8% per year, the carbon sequestration in Ba Be National Park for 3 forest states is about 16,499 tones per year. This will contribute to improve environmental quality, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and creating a scientific basis for managers to develop a payment mechanism of forest carbon sequestration services

A novel IGHMBP2 variant and clinical diversity in Vietnamese SMARD1 and CMT2S patients

BackgroundPathogenic variants in the IGHMBP2 gene are associated with two distinct autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorders: spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1; OMIM #604320) and Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 2S (CMT2S; OMIM #616155). SMARD1 is a severe and fatal condition characterized by infantile-onset respiratory distress, diaphragmatic palsy, and distal muscular weakness, while CMT2S follows a milder clinical course, with slowly progressive distal muscle weakness and sensory loss, without manifestations of respiratory disorder.MethodsWhole-exome sequencing of the IGHMBP2 gene was performed for eight Vietnamese patients with IGHMBP2-related neuromuscular disorders including five patients with SMARD1 and the others with CMT2S.ResultsWe identified one novel IGHMBP2 variant c.1574T > C (p.Leu525Pro) in a SMARD1 patient. Besides that, two patients shared the same pathogenic variants (c.1235 + 3A > G/c.1334A > C) but presented completely different clinical courses: one with SMARD1 who deceased at 8 months of age, the other with CMT2S was alive at 3 years old without any respiratory distress.ConclusionThis study is the first to report IGHMBP-2-related neuromuscular disorders in Vietnam. A novel IGHMBP2 variant c.1574T > C (p.Leu525Pro) expressing SMARD1 phenotype was detected. The presence of three patients with the same genotype but distinct clinical outcomes suggested the interaction of variants and other factors including relating modified genes in the mechanism of various phenotypes

Table1_A novel IGHMBP2 variant and clinical diversity in Vietnamese SMARD1 and CMT2S patients.docx

BackgroundPathogenic variants in the IGHMBP2 gene are associated with two distinct autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorders: spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1; OMIM #604320) and Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 2S (CMT2S; OMIM #616155). SMARD1 is a severe and fatal condition characterized by infantile-onset respiratory distress, diaphragmatic palsy, and distal muscular weakness, while CMT2S follows a milder clinical course, with slowly progressive distal muscle weakness and sensory loss, without manifestations of respiratory disorder.MethodsWhole-exome sequencing of the IGHMBP2 gene was performed for eight Vietnamese patients with IGHMBP2-related neuromuscular disorders including five patients with SMARD1 and the others with CMT2S.ResultsWe identified one novel IGHMBP2 variant c.1574T > C (p.Leu525Pro) in a SMARD1 patient. Besides that, two patients shared the same pathogenic variants (c.1235 + 3A > G/c.1334A > C) but presented completely different clinical courses: one with SMARD1 who deceased at 8 months of age, the other with CMT2S was alive at 3 years old without any respiratory distress.ConclusionThis study is the first to report IGHMBP-2-related neuromuscular disorders in Vietnam. A novel IGHMBP2 variant c.1574T > C (p.Leu525Pro) expressing SMARD1 phenotype was detected. The presence of three patients with the same genotype but distinct clinical outcomes suggested the interaction of variants and other factors including relating modified genes in the mechanism of various phenotypes.</p

BƯỚC ĐẦU NGHIÊN CỨU TỪ CẢM TRONG TRẦM TÍCH TẦNG VĂN HÓA HANG C6-1 Ở CÔNG VIÊN ĐỊA CHẤT TOÀN CẦU UNESCO ĐẮK NÔNG

The magnetic susceptibility (MS) of cave sediments has become a proxy for the paleoclimate. The magnetic properties of the sediments formed outside the cave are influenced by the weather. The sediments are later brought into the cave by various means and deposited. Thus, the MS in the stratigraphic column of cave sediments carries information about the weather when the sediments formed. The stratigraphic column at cave C6-1 has been investigated in several archaeological studies. In this study, 185 soil samples were collected to a depth of 184 cm at a sampling interval of about 1 cm. MS measurements were carried out by the Department of Geomagnetism at the Institute of Geophysics of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. The MS results can be divided into eight magnetic zones, C6.1-1 to C6.1-8, of which C6.1-1, C6.1-3, C6.1-5, and C6.1-7 correspond to cold dry weather, and C6.1-2, C6.1-4, C6.1-6, and C6.1-8 correspond to warmer weather. Multi-Taper Method (MTM) analysis of the MS data shows three significant cycle ranges with MTM confidence levels above 95%. Using the carbon-14 radiocarbon dating method, we determined ages for three weather cycles of 562, 375, and 281 years. From 6,768 to 6,954 years BP, there was a sudden accumulation rate of sediment in the section that was 5 to 30 times higher than in other periods.Tham số từ cảm trong hang động đã trở thành một đai diện để đánh giá cổ khí hậu là do: Độ từ cảm trong các trầm tích được tạo ra bên ngoài hang chịu ảnh hưởng của quá trình hoạt động của thời tiết gây ra sự biến đổi thuộc tính từ của nó. Các trầm tích sau đó được đưa vào hang bằng nhiều cách và lắng đọng lại. Độ từ cảm trong cột địa tầng này sẽ mang thông tin về thời tiết khi nó hình thành. 185 mẫu từ cảm (mỗi mẫu cách nhau 1cm) được thu thập dọc theo chiều sâu 184 cm mặt cắt đã có các nghiên cứu về khảo cổ tại hang C6.1 Đăk Nông. Các phép đo từ cảm được tiến hành tại phòng Địa từ, viện Vật lý Địa cầu. Kết quả MS được phân chia thành 8 vùng từ, lần lượt là C6.1-1 đến C6.1-8. Trong đó vùng từ C6.1-1, C6.1-3, C6.1-5, C6.1-7 tương ứng với thời tiết lạnh khô, còn các vùng từ C6.1-2, C6.1-4, C6.1-6, C6.1-8 tương ứng với thời tiết ấm hơn. Phân tích Fourie số liệu từ cảm cho thấy có 3 dải chu kỳ có ý nghĩa với độ tin cậy MTM trên 95%. Dựa trên bộ số liệu tuổi tuyệt đối đo được (C14) chúng tôi ngoại suy và xác định được khoảng tuổi của mặt cắt nghiên cứu là 2.200 năm và 3 chu kỳ thời tiết đồng thời xảy ra trong giai đoạn này là: Kỳ 562 năm, 375 năm và 281 năm. Trong khoảng mặt cắt nghiên cứu giai đoạn 6,768 – 6,954 năm BP lượng mưa lớn đột ngôt gấp 5 đến 30 lần so với các khoảng thời gian khá