Busking: analysis of its regulation and business models in Europe

[EN] Busking is an historic activity that consist of performing art in public spaces. From ancient troubadours, busking allows a broad audience to experience art directly and aim to connect with the local community. However, nowadays busking is under devaluated in some locations and faces a fragmented regulation depending on each municipality or it is regulated without the participation of the local communities involved. In order to create more regular employment and new business models based on or related to busking, the participation of all the groups of interests will be necessary to create a professionalized image. In this work we want to explore how policymakers and governments could use it to enhance their historic attractions (providing specific areas for busking), conserve their city s identity (regulating the contents of busking), construct a sense of community (with the participation of the local community) and explore new sectors, such as the creative industry (creating new hubs and services with the participation of buskers).[ES] El arte callejero es una actividad histórica que consiste en la expresión artística en lugares públicos. Desde los antiguos trovadores, el arte callejero permite a una audiencia amplia disfrutar directamente el arte y su objetivo es conectar con la comunidad local. Sin embargo, en la actualidad el arte callejero está devaluado en varias localidades y, dependiendo de cada municipio, encontramos una regulación muy fragmentada o se ha regulado sin la participación de las partes interesadas de la comunidad local. Por otro lado, en otras ocasiones se ha podido crear un empleo regular y nuevos modelos de negocio alrededor del arte callejero, siendo necesaria la participación de todos los grupos de interés para crear una imagen profesionalizada. En este trabajo, por tanto, se pretende explorar cómo los políticos y gobiernos podrían hacer uso del arte callejero para mejorar sus lugares históricos (proporcionando espacios delimitados), para conservar la identidad de las localidades (regulando sus contenidos), para construir una comunidad local (por medio de la participación) y para explorar nuevos sectores, como la industria creativa (creando nuevos centros de desarrollo y nuevos servicios con la participación de los artistas).Mahmoud, MMMMK. (2020). Busking: analysis of its regulation and business models in Europe. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/151769TFG

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020