Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs related to drugs among Pahang Matriculation students in Malaysia

Introduction Drug abuse has been a global threat not only in Malaysia but worldwide, especially among adolescents. This is alarming issue had been a serious public health problem worldwide. The aim of the study is to access the knowledge and attitude on drug abuse among Pahang Matriculation students in 2016. Methods A cross¬-sectional study was conducted involving 217 matriculation students. A self-determined questionnaire was distributed among the students regarding knowledge and attitude about drugs. Results The prevalence of good knowledge on drug abuse was (82.03%). The prevalence of students’ attitude on drug abuse has higher number of good attitude with the sum of 182 (83.9 %). Only gender showed a significant association with students’ knowledge (P= 0.046). Conclusion The knowledge, attitude, and practice of drug abuse among Pahang Matriculation students are good

t-test using STATA software

Students-t test is the most popular statistical test. The test compares two mean values to judge if they are different or not. For small data it is possible to conduct it using manual calculation – however that is not the case. Researchers would need to use statistical software and packages to conduct their analysis. This guide will help the junior researchers to conduct independent- and paired-t test using STATA software

Effectiveness of a mindfulness program on psychological distress among preclinical medical students in a public university in Malaysia

Background: Psychological distress (PD) is common among medical students. Many studies used mindfulness based interventions (MBI) to reduce psychological distress and enhance coping mechanisms. However, the duration of the commitment required to attend these interventions led to many prospective participants to either withdraw or not participating in the programs. Many studies explored shorter versions of MBI and found it successful in reducing psychological distress. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of PD, depression, anxiety and stress (DAS) among preclinical medical students. Also, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of The Mindfulness Program (TMP) on PD and DAS among preclinical medical students. Methodology: This study had two phases. Phase 1 was a cross sectional study. Phase 2 was an experimental study. A total of 237 preclinical undergraduate medical students were screened in phase 1 of the study. 92 students with high scores of PD were recruited for phase 2 of the study. Subjects were randomly allocated to TMP and wait-listed control groups on a one to one ratio. Only one trainer implemented the intervention. Self-administered validated questionnaires were used to record data for the study. Participants filled the baseline questionnaires two weeks prior to end of semester exam. The post intervention questionnaires were filled 8 weeks after the intervention and two weeks prior to the end of semester exam. Primary and secondary outcomes of the study were PD and DAS. Results: The prevalence of PD was 38.8%. The prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression were 37.1%, 51.9% and 24.1% respectively. Risk factors of PD included academic related stressors (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)= 1.65, 95% C.I. = 1.01, 2.71, p= 0.047), drive and desire related stressors (DRS) (AOR=1.44, 95% C.I. = 1.02, 2.03, p=0.039) and group-activities related stressors (GARS) (AOR= 1.74, 95% C.I. = 1.12, 2.69, p= 0.014). Risk factors of depression included male preclinical medical students (AOR= 5.71, 95% C.I.=2.64, 12.36, p<0.001), living in rural areas (AOR= 3.38, 95% C.I. =1.48, 7.72, p=0.004), DRS (AOR= 1.51, 95% C.I. = 1.03, 2.20, p=0.035), GARS (AOR= 3.58, 95% C.I.=2.24, 5.72, p<0.001). Risk factors of anxiety included living in rural areas (AOR= 2.40, 95% C.I. =1.26, 4.59, p value = 0.008) and GARS (AOR= 2.56, 95% C.I. =1.80, 3.64, p<0.001). Risk factors of stress included living in rural areas (AOR= 2.41, 95% C.I.=1.07, 4.27, p=0.031), GARS (AOR= 2.60, 95% C.I.=1.72, 3.95, p<0.001) and teaching and learning related stressors (AOR= 1.79, 95% C.I. =1.16, 2.78, p=0.009). Intention to treat analyses using repeated measures analyses of covariance showed significant mean scores reduction of PD (p=0.002), stress (p<0.001), anxiety (p<0.001), and depression (p=0.001) among TMP group. Conclusions: Preclinical medical students had a high prevalence of PD and DAS. Important risk factors were identified. TMP showed a significant reduction in mean scores of PD and DAS in the intervention group compared to the control wait-listed group

Zürich

International audienceZurich has been continuously inhabited for more than 2,000 years and was established by the Romans under the name Turicum. Early settlements, however, may be traced back more than 6,400 years.Under the direction of Huldrych Zwingli, Zürich attained the independent and privileged status of imperial immediacy throughout the Middle Ages, and in 1519, it became a key hub of the Protestant Reformation in Europe

Zürich

International audienceZurich has been continuously inhabited for more than 2,000 years and was established by the Romans under the name Turicum. Early settlements, however, may be traced back more than 6,400 years.Under the direction of Huldrych Zwingli, Zürich attained the independent and privileged status of imperial immediacy throughout the Middle Ages, and in 1519, it became a key hub of the Protestant Reformation in Europe

Milk Fat Globule Membranes for Mental Health across the Human Lifespan

The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) contains bioactive proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Polar lipids found in the MFGM play a critical role in maintaining cell membrane integrity and neuronal signalling capacity, thereby supporting brain health. This review summarises the literature on the MFGM and its phospholipid constituents for improvement of mental health across three key stages of the human lifespan, i.e., infancy, adulthood, and older age. MFGM supplementation may improve mental health by reducing neuroinflammation and supporting neurotransmitter synthesis through the gut–brain axis. Fortification of infant formula with MFGMs is designed to mimic the composition of breastmilk and optimise early gut and central nervous system development. Early behavioural and emotional development sets the stage for future mental health. In adults, promising results suggest that MFGMs can reduce the negative consequences of situational stress. Preclinical models of age-related cognitive decline suggest a role for the MFGM in supporting brain health in older age and reducing depressive symptoms. While there is preclinical and clinical evidence to support the use of MFGM supplementation for improved mental health, human studies with mental health as the primary target outcome are sparce. Further high-quality clinical trials examining the potential of the MFGM for psychological health improvement are important

Rentetan penjelidikan Islam al-azhar: artja dan kebudajaan

Buku ini membahas tentang kebudayaan di al-azhar pada tahun 196684 hlm.: ilus.; 18 c

Rentetan penjelidikan Islam al-azhar: artja dan kebudajaan

Buku ini membahas tentang kebudayaan di al-azhar pada tahun 196684 hlm.: ilus.; 18 c