Transposition in Translating Proverb Book of New King James Version Bible Into Kitab Amsal of Alkitab Bahasa Indonesia by Lai

Transposisi merupakan salah satu prosedur yang harus diperhatikan dalam proses penerjemahan. Secara linguistik, transposisi berarti perpindahan posisi atau hasil Perubahan fungsi atau kelas kata yang bertujuan untuk dapat menghasilkan suatu karya terjemahan yang mudah dipahami dalam bahasa sasaran. Dalam proses penerjemahan, transposisi memiliki peranan penting karena seringkali ditemukan perbedaan struktur bahasa dari struktur bahasa sasaran. Tujuan penulisan jurnal ini adalah untuk menjabarkan penggunaan transposisi dalam proses penerjemahan khususnya dalam penerjemahan Kitab Amsal dari New King James Version Bible ke dalam Alkitab Bahasa Indonesia. Lewat jurnal ini, penulis juga ingin mengetahui apakah seharusnya penerjemah menggunakan transposisi dalam menerjemahkan teks atau bacaan. Selain itu, kapan seharusnya penerjemah menggunakan transposisi dan kapan seharusnya penerjemah tidak menggunakan transposisi dalam menerjemahkan suatu teks. Dalam jurnal ini, penulis menggunakan metode purposive sampling untuk mendapatkan data, dan metode padan dan agih untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerjemah menggunakan transposisi dikarenakan adanya perbedaan struktur bahasa sumber ke bahasa sasaran tanpa mengubah makna teks. Dalam hasil analisis penulis menemukan bahwa terkadang dalam satu kalimat terdapat beberapa jenis transposisi yang digunakan oleh penerjemah

Development of high intensity low emission combustor for achieving flameless combustion of liquid fuels

AbstractThis paper presents the experimental and numerical results for a two stage combustor capable of achieving flameless combustion with liquid fuels for different thermal heat inputs of 20, 30, 40 and 60kW and heat release density of 5–15MW/m3. Combustion characteristics and pollutant emissions are studied for three different fuels, kerosene, diesel and gasoline. The influence of droplet diameter on pollutant emissions at all conditions is studied. The fuel and oxidizer are supplied at ambient conditions. The concept of high swirl flows has been adopted to achieve high internal recirculation rates, residence time and increased dilution of the fresh reactants in the primary combustion zone, resulting in flameless combustion mode. Air is injected through four tangential injection ports located near the bottom of the combustor and liquid fuel is injected through a centrally mounted pressure swirl injector. Computational analysis of the flow features shows that decrease in the exit port diameter of the primary chamber increases the recirculation rate of combustion products and helps in achieving the flameless combustion mode. Based on preliminary computational studies, a 30mm primary chamber exit port diameter is chosen for experimental studies. Detailed experimental investigations show that flameless combustion mode was achieved with evenly distributed combustion reaction zone and uniform temperature distribution in the combustor. Pollutant emissions of CO, NOx, CxHy are measured and compared for all operating conditions of different fuels and different thermal inputs. The acoustic emission levels are reduced by 6–8dB as combustion mode shifts from conventional mode to flameless combustion mode

Neuropsychological side effects of anti-epileptic drugs in epilepsy patients: a cross sectional study

Background: Epilepsy is the fourth most common neurological disorder in world. Managing an epilepsy with anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) either as monotherapy or polytherapy is necessary to reduce the deleterious effect of the disease and to provide neuroprotection. AEDs exert their negative effects on cognition by suppressing neuronal excitability or enhancing inhibitory neurotransmission. These neuropsychological side effects are found to be modest when the drug level is within the therapeutic concentration and used as monotherapy. Objectives were to assess the prevalence of neuropsychological side effects among epilepsy patients who were on antiepileptic drug therapy. Methods: An open label, cross-sectional, clinical study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital, 126 participants were recruited. Participants demographic data, detailed medical and seizure history followed by neuropsychological tests was performed. The prevalence was assessed based on the number of participants scoring <15th percentile in one or more tests. Results: Out of 126 participants who were recruited, 82 participants were on monotherapy and 44 participants were on polytherapy. Levetiracetam was the most commonly prescribed drug as monotherapy, followed by phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproate; whereas in polytherapy levetiracetam, clobazam followed by phenytoin were the commonly prescribed AED. The most common adverse effect was drowsiness, followed by headache, hypersensitivity reaction, giddiness, tremors, anxiety etc. The prevalence of neuropsychological side effects was 77.8%. The prevalence of impairment between monotherapy and polytherapy was statistically insignificant (p=0.727). Conclusions: In this study, levetiracetam was the most commonly prescribed drug and the most common adverse effect was drowsiness due to AEDs. The subgroup analyses between monotherapy and polytherapy did not show any statistically significant neuropsychological impairment when compared based on the gender, age groups, duration of epilepsy with medication and duration of current therapy

Coarse grained dynamics of the freely cooling granular gas in one dimension

We study the dynamics and structure of clusters in the inhomogeneous clustered regime of a freely cooling granular gas of point particles in one dimension. The coefficient of restitution is modeled as $r_0<1$ or 1 depending on whether the relative speed is greater or smaller than a velocity scale $\delta$. The effective fragmentation rate of a cluster is shown to rise sharply beyond a $\delta$ dependent time scale. This crossover is coincident with the velocity fluctuations within a cluster becoming order $\delta$. Beyond this crossover time, the cluster size distribution develops a nontrivial power law distribution, whose scaling properties are related to those of the velocity fluctuations. We argue that these underlying features are responsible behind the recently observed nontrivial coarsening behaviour in the one dimensional freely cooling granular gas.Comment: 7 Pages, 9 Figure