Tunability of terahertz random lasers with temperature based on superconducting materials

We theoretically demonstrate the tunabiltiy of terahertz random lasers composed of high temperature superconductorYBCO and ruby layers as active medium. The considered system is a one-dimensional disordered medium made of ruby grain and YBCO. Finite-difference time domain method is used to calculate the emission spectrum and spatial distribution of electric field at different temperatures. Our numerical results reveal that the superconductor based random lasers exhibit large temperature tunability in the terahertz domain. The emission spectrum is significantly temperature dependent, the number of lasing modes and their intensities increase with decreasing temperature. Also, we make some discussion to explain the reason for the observed tunability and the effect of temperature variation on the spatial distribution of the electric field in the disordered active medium

Effect of 5Hz electromagnetic waves on movement behavior in male wistar rats (in vitro)

Various stresses during life can affect metabolism and brain activities, immune and endocrine systems directly and indirectly, and ultimately, causes animal behavior change. The cellular and molecular level change in neurotransmitter and hormone concentrations led to the functional changes of operating systems in the intracellular organelles.  These events cause of course oxidative stress. All these reactions cause general or limited inflammation that is characterized by increased phenomena of inflammatory cytokines. Electromagnetic waves are the most important stimulus of ions and biomolecules therefore they change ions movement in a living organism. This process can lead to neuronal and behavioral changes. Yet, certainly, radiation pattern, intensity and magnetic field strength will be highly effective in response (reaction). In the present study, short-term (one day) and medium-term (3 days and 7days) and long-term (19 days and 21 days) effects of extremely low-frequency waves (ELF) on behavioral and metabolic activities in male wistar rats with an average weight 180-250g have been investigated.

Naloxone inhibits human serum albumin Glycation

    Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are formed by non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugar and protein. AGEs play important roles in pathogenesis of diabetic, aging complications, endothelial dysfunction and neurological diseases such as the Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore compounds that prevent the glycation reaction are purported to have therapeutic effect on patients with diabetes and age-related complication. In this study, the Human serum albumin at concentration of 10 mg/ml was incubated in PBS with 40 mM Glucose, and in different concentrations of Naloxone (25,100,250µM) for 42 days at 37˚C. HSA with no additives and with Glucose 40mM were incubated as control and as glycated sample, respectively. Following the incubation, the samples were prepared for Circular Dichroism, Fluorescence and absorbance techniques. It was shown different Naloxone concentration can prevent Human serum albumin glycation

12 Hz electromagnetic field changes stress-related hormones of rat

      Due to the increasing presence of electromagnetic radiation in advanced societies, investigation of the effects of this radiation on humans has attracted the interest of many researchers. The non- ionizing radiation can induce numerous effects through biomolecules in the tissue and cells. In the current study, effects of 12 Hz electromagnetic waves investigated on neuronal hormone levels in rat animal model in 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after exposure.  The levels of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Adrenaline, melanocortin-2 receptor (MC2R), corticostrone, α1-receptor and D-Glucose were evaluated by ELISA methods. Exposure with 12 Hz electromagnetic waves did not alter in glucose and MC2R levels in rats compared with control groups. Plasma ACTH and adrenaline concentrations as two important stress-related hormones increased significantly 1 and 3 days after irradiation respectively. Also corticostrone and alpha a1-receptor decreased significantly at some days during the period of study in irradiated rats.  Our data demonstrated that faced with 12 Hz electromagnetic wave could be considered as a stress inducer and also time of exposure have critical role in stress induce.

QCD analysis of nucleon structure functions in deep-inelastic neutrinonucleon scattering: Laplace transform and Jacobi polynomials approach

We present a detailed QCD analysis of nucleon structure functions x F 3 ( x , Q 2 ) , based on Laplace transforms and the Jacobi polynomials approach. The analysis corresponds to the next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to-leading order approximations of perturbative QCD. The Laplace transform technique, as an exact analytical solution, is used for the solution of nonsinglet Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi evolution equations at low- and large-x values. The extracted results are used as input to obtain the x and Q 2 evolution of x F 3 ( x,Q2) structure functions using the Jacobi polynomials approach. In our work, the values of the typical QCD scale Λ ( n f)MS and the strong coupling constant α s (M2Z) are determined for four quark flavors (n f =4) as well. A careful estimation of the uncertainties shall be performed using the Hessian method for the valence-quark distributions, originating from the experimental errors. We compare our valence-quark parton distribution functions sets with those of other collaborations, in particular with the CT14, MMHT14, and NNPDF sets, which are contemporary with the present analysis. The obtained results from the analysis are in good agreement with those from the literature

A trend of Medical Negligence in Laser Therapy in the Capital City: A Nine-Year Survey

Background: the purpose of the present study is to investigate the common causes of injuries, claims, and decisions related to laser therapy medical malpractice during a nine-year survey. Study design: This study is a retrospective descriptive study. Methods: The legal documents in the coroner’s Office of Forensic Medicine were investigated in a national database from 2012 to 2020 in Tehran, Iran. The frequency and nature of the cases, including the year of litigation, the location and certificate of the provider, the injury sustained, the cause of legal action and judgment were collected. Results: Three hundred and eighty-three cases related to injury from laser therapy were registered in the coroner’s Office of Forensic Medicine during the study period. The incidence of litigation related to laser surgery showed an increasing trend, with a peak occurrence in 2020. Laser hair removal was the most common (51.2%) litigated procedure. General practice operators (48%) recorded the highest rate of laser-related medical complaints. lack of skill was the most common reason for failure. Among 383 cases with public decisions, 62.4% of them were fault liability in paid judgment. Conclusions: Medical claims related to laser application are increasing. However, as it is clear, the growth of laser technology and the increasing demand for lasers in medical science require more surveillance to avoid probable injuries and improve patient safety, especially surveillance of the physicians who work outside the scope of their specialty.&nbsp

Effect of Pleasantness and Unpleasantness of Music on the Acceptable Noise Level

Background and Aim: Music can be a favorite, annoying, or even a distracting noise. It is known that the processing of brain hemispheres is affected by the pleasantness/unpleasantness of music, which could be utilized as a signal or noise in auditory neuroscience. By using the Acceptable Noise Level (ANL) test, which is the quantification of noise tolerance while listening to a running speech, we investigated whether the pleasantness/unpleasantness of music affects the ANL results under monotic-listening and dichotic-listening conditions. Methods: Based on the subjective scale scores, pleasant and unpleasant music (10 songs) were selected as alternatives to babble noise or running speech for testing 50 subjects for seven monotic and dichotic listening conditions. Results: While pleasant music changed the ANL significantly under monotic listening conditions, the higher level of babble noise was tolerated, and both characteristics of music pleasantness and unpleasantness changed ANL significantly for various dichotic conditions. The range of the ANL for dichotic conditions is wider than that for monotic conditions. Conclusion: Music can affect the ANL in terms of pleasantness and unpleasantness for both monotic and dichotic listening conditions, with a greater effect on dichotic conditions, indicating the role of hemispheric specification in emotional music processing

Development of monoclonal antibodies against axenic amastigotes of Leishmania infantum strain in Iran: Implication for diagnosis of Kala-azar

Objective(s): Leishmaniasis is endemic in 88 countries. Amastigote forms of Leishmania are experts at exploiting host cell processes to establish infection. Monoclonal antibodies are key reagents used in the diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to produce monoclonal antibodies against axenic amastigotes of the Leishmania infantum strain in Iran.Materials and Methods: First, standard strains were cultured and axenic amastigote antigens of L. infantum were obtained. Since then, BALB/c mice were immunized and antibody titers were determined. For hybridoma cell formation, lymphocytes isolated from spleen of immunized mice and myeloma cells were fused at a ratio of 10 to 1 in the presence of polyethylene glycol, followed by limiting dilution for the isolation of monoclones. Subsequently, antibody isotypes were determined by using the isotyping kit. The best clone was injected intraperitoneally to pristane-primed mice for large scale production of monoclonal antibodies. The specificity of antibody was determined with Western blotting.Results: Approximately 25 positive monoclones were obtained, of which four hybrids producing anti-amastigotes L. infantum monoclonal antibodies with high optical density (OD), selected and designated as 8D2 FVI6, 8D2 FVI3, 6G2 FV4 and 6G2 FV3. Results from isotype determination showed the IgG2b sub-class in 6G2FV2 and 8D2FVI6 monoclones. Conclusion: This study produced monoclonal antibody against amastigotes of Iranian strain of L. infantum for the first time. These antibodies have reactivity against Iranian strain of L. infantum and can be used in the diagnosis of Kala-azar

The Diagnostic Value of Different Sonography Findings and Color Doppler Sonography in Detecting Biliary Atresia in Infants and Neonates

Background: Biliary atresia (BA) is one of the most common etiologies of cholestasis in infants and toddlers. The most important factor in case of patients’ prognosis is its early diagnosis. There are many diagnostic tools in this field, sonography seems to be the most appropriate and fastest tool in early detecting and differentiating BA from other causes of neonatal cholestasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of new ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound methods in BA in infants and toddlers.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed during a one-year period on 35 infants and toddlers admitted to the gastrointestinal department of Akbar Children's Hospital with suspicion of cholestasis. These children underwent sonography by a radiologist to diagnose BA. All required information was extracted from the hospital records of these children and analyzed after entering the checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26.Results: Totally, 35 patients including 18 boys (51.4%) and 17 girls (6.48%) with a mean age of 4/29±4/17 months were enrolled. According to the findings of the analysis, 21 patients (60%) had bile duct atresia and 14 patients (40%) had other diseases. Ultrasound sensitivity in the diagnosis of bile duct atresia was 90%, with an accuracy of 74%, specificity of 50% and positive and negative predictive value of 73% and 77%, respectively. The highest diagnostic value was related to the former hepatic capsular flow.Conclusion: Biliary atresia can be accurately diagnosed by ultrasonography. The high sensitivity and accuracy of ultrasound indicate the appropriateness of this method in diagnosing this diseas

Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Can Alleviate the Proctitis Model Through TLR4/NF-Κb Pathway

Background: Proctitis is a significant concern of inflammatory bowel diseases, especially ulcerative colitis. Exosomes are a new method for treating many diseases by their immunosuppressive and tissue-repairing potential. Here, we tried Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived Exosomes for treating the proctitis model of rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were assigned into four groups: sham, control group, rectal, and intraperitoneal exosome injection. The proctitis model was induced by rectal administration of 4% acetic acid. The exosome was derived from human MSCs isolated from human umbilical cords. After seven days, rectum samples were assessed for histopathological, IHC, and PCR analysis. Results: The histopathologic scores, collagen deposition, and the expression of NF-κB, TLR4, TNFα, IL-6, and TGFβ were decreased in intraperitoneal exosome compared to controls. The result was not promising for the rectal administration of exosomes. Conclusion: Exosomes can suppress the inflammatory response in the proctitis model and improve the rectum's healing process. Exosomes can inhabit the NF-κB/TLR4 pathway and downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study implicates the therapeutic benefits of exomes in treating proctitis