Do team processes really have an effect on clinical performance? A systematic literature review

Summary There is a growing literature on the relationship between team processes and clinical performance. The purpose of this review is to summarize these articles and examine the impact of team process behaviours on clinical performance. We conducted a literature search in five major databases. Inclusion criteria were: English peer-reviewed papers published between January 2001 and May 2012, which showed or tried to show (i) a statistical relationship of a team process variable and clinical performance or (ii) an improvement of a performance variable through a team process intervention. Study quality was assessed using predefined quality indicators. For every study, we calculated the relevant effect sizes. We included 28 studies in the review, seven of which were intervention studies. Every study reported at least one significant relationship between team processes or an intervention and performance. Also, some non-significant effects were reported. Most of the reported effect sizes were large or medium. The study quality ranged from medium to high. The studies are highly diverse regarding the specific team process behaviours investigated and also regarding the methods used. However, they suggest that team process behaviours do influence clinical performance and that training results in increased performance. Future research should rely on existing theoretical frameworks, valid, and reliable methods to assess processes such as teamwork or coordination and focus on the development of adequate tools to assess process performance, linking them with outcomes in the clinical settin

Multidimensional Binary Vector Assignment problem: standard, structural and above guarantee parameterizations

In this article we focus on the parameterized complexity of the Multidimensional Binary Vector Assignment problem (called \BVA). An input of this problem is defined by $m$ disjoint sets $V^1, V^2, \dots, V^m$, each composed of $n$ binary vectors of size $p$. An output is a set of $n$ disjoint $m$-tuples of vectors, where each $m$-tuple is obtained by picking one vector from each set $V^i$. To each $m$-tuple we associate a $p$ dimensional vector by applying the bit-wise AND operation on the $m$ vectors of the tuple. The objective is to minimize the total number of zeros in these $n$ vectors. mBVA can be seen as a variant of multidimensional matching where hyperedges are implicitly locally encoded via labels attached to vertices, but was originally introduced in the context of integrated circuit manufacturing. We provide for this problem FPT algorithms and negative results ($ETH$-based results, $W$[2]-hardness and a kernel lower bound) according to several parameters: the standard parameter $k$ i.e. the total number of zeros), as well as two parameters above some guaranteed values.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figure

Phytochemical Investigations of some Laticiferous Plants belonging to Khandesh Region of Maharashtra

Analyses were carried out on latex obtained from twenty one plant species belonging to Khandesh region of Maharashtra, India, for the presence of possible secondary metabolites, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, cynogenic glycosides, phenolics, tannins and saponins. Phenolic compounds were found in all latex samples except in Ipomoea carnea Jacq. Seventy six percent species of laticiferous plants contain alkaloid. Terpenoids were found in the latex of Carica papaya L. and Manilkara zapota (L.) P. van Royen only however, remaining plants were devoid. Cynogenic glycosides and tannins were detected in 52 % and 48 % of latex samples respectively. Flavonoids and saponins were detected in equal number of latex samples i.e. 38 %. Out of this, four species of Apocynaceae and single species of Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Carricaceae, Convolvulaceae etc. showed flavonoid. While three species of Euphorbiaceae, two species of Apocynaceae and Moraceae and single species of Asclepiadaceae showed saponin. The moisture and total solid content varies from species to species in latex samples analyzed. Euphorbia prunifolia Jacq. had highest level of moisture i.e. 93.33% and less solid content i.e. 6.67% whereas Euphorbia hirta L. had lowest level of moisture i.e.63.63% and highest content of total solid i.e. 36.37%. The results suggest that, the laticiferous plants would be exploited in the management of various diseases as they have diverse group of secondary metabolites

Wound Healing Plants of Jalgaon District of Maharashtra State, India

Jalgaon District of Maharashtra state (India) has a great heritage and rich in various green and semi evergreen species. Record of 3347 species from 201 families appeared in earlier literature from Jalgaon District. A list of 283 wound healing plants of Indian origin is compiled; out of these 224 plants are native of Maharashtra, a 131 plants among them occurred in Jalgaon District, which are in practice by local herbalist, Vaidyas and nonregistered medical practitioners and Mukhiya (Head) of tribal community. Taxonomical distribution showed 93.63% dicot and 6.37% monocot and a single aquatic plant. The investigation revealed that wound healing natural products usually localized in root (27% ) \u3e leaves (20%) \u3e stem \u3e seed \u3e whole plant \u3e fruit \u3e flower \u3e rhizome \u3e tuber \u3e shoot \u3e stamen \u3e grain \u3e gall \u3e filament and plant product like latex (46%), oil (40%) , gum and resin (7%) as evident from this survey. Most of the remedies consisted of either single plant part or combination. Methods of preparation varies and they are species specific viz: plant parts applied as a paste, juice extracted from the fresh plant parts, powder made from fresh or dried plant parts, some fresh plant parts, and decoction. In this study the most dominant family was Leguminosae and roots were most frequently used for wound healing. Here an attempt has also been made to work out on plants belonging to Jalgaon District in order to exploit them for preparation of ointment that can be used both in human and domestic animals

Sundials in the Shade: An Internet-wide Perspective on ICMP Timestamps

ICMP timestamp request and response packets have been standardized for nearly 40 years, but have no modern practical application, having been superseded by NTP. However, ICMP timestamps are not deprecated, suggesting that while hosts must support them, little attention is paid to their implementation and use. In this work, we perform active measurements and find 2.2 million hosts on the Internet responding to ICMP timestamp requests from over 42,500 unique autonomous systems. We develop a methodology to classify timestamp responses, and find 13 distinct classes of behavior. Not only do these behaviors enable a new fingerprinting vector, some behaviors leak important information about the host e.g., OS, kernel version, and local timezone.Comment: Passive and Active Measurements (PAM) 201

Traditional Practice for Oral Health Care in Nandurbar District of Maharashtra, India

An ethnobotanical study was conducted from January 2006 to October 2008 to investigate the uses of medicinal plants for oral health care by different aborigines, such as Bhills, Gavits, Kokanis, Mavachis, Valvis, Pawras, Koknas and Vasaves, in the Nandurbar district of Maharashtra, India. Data were collected by interviewing native people, mainly elderly – engaged in farming and stock rising activities, housewives and local traditional medicinemen of different villages. The investigation revealed that a total 20 claims were obtained as distributed in 18 genera belonging to 14 families to treat various diseases and disorders of oral cavity, particularly in tooth decay. Information about local names, plant parts and different form of preparation used were recorded and are focused in given issue. In this study most commonly used family was Euphorbiaceae followed by Moraceae, Anacardiaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Acanthaceae, Meliaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Poaceae, Lythraceae, Sapotaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Rutaceae and Solanaceae. Present study indicated many tribal communities of visited villages of Nandurbar district still continue to depend on plant resources to meet their day-to-day needs and use plant based formulations from generation to generation for treatment of health related problems. Now, the tribal societies are progressing towards modernization; their knowledge of traditional use of plants might be lost. Therefore conservation of such heritage is warranted

Rebounce and Black hole formation in a Gravitational Collapse Model with Vanishing Radial Pressure

We examine spherical gravitational collapse of a matter model with vanishing radial pressure and non-zero tangential pressure. It is seen analytically that the collapsing cloud either forms a black hole or disperses depending on values of the initial parameters which are initial density, tangential pressure and velocity profile of the cloud. A threshold of black hole formation is observed near which a scaling relation is obtained for the mass of black hole, assuming initial profiles to be smooth. The similarities in the behaviour of this model at the onset of black hole formation with that of numerical critical behaviour in other collapse models are indicated.Comment: 15 pages, To be published in Gen.Rel.Gra

Alfven-Wave Studies On Pretext

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Evaluation of Endophytes for their Antimicrobial activity from Indigenous Medicinal Plants belonging to North Maharashtra region India

Abstract Evaluation of some endophytes have been carried for their possible antimicrobial activity from various parts of medicinal plants belonging to Jalgaon Maharashtra (India).A total of seventy eight bacterial endophytes and one hundred fourty two fungal endophytes were isolated from the aerial and underground parts of selected medicinal plants .Fifteen positive endophytic bacterial isolates and fourteen positive endophytic fungal isolates possess antifungal and antibacterial activity respectively. Bacterial isolates KB4 from roots of roots of P.glabra, NB6 from stem of E.globulus and HB3 from rhizomes of C.longa have strong antifungal activity. Endophytic fungi AFR1, AFR4, AFR7 from roots of A.vera possess strong antibacterial activity against S. typhi in dual culture assay