A new approach for holistic thread profile determination supported by optical focus variation measurements

In this proceeding a new approach for the description of geometric-real threads will be given. The holistic determination of the virtual pitch diameter depends on the whole thread scanning. For this purpose, the optical focus variation system, consisting of a microscope objective and a digital camera, captures a stack of pictures and reconstructs the thread surface by a contrast analysis between neighbored pixels. A special calibration gauge for the focus variation system was designed and tested. The traceability and the measurement uncertainty for 3D-Points in precision thread gauge measurements will be given. The uncertainty in the current measurement setup is < 0.6 μm in each coordinate direction (x, y, z) for a S11.2 thread

Performance comparison of designated preprocessing white light interferometry algorithms on emerging multi- and many-core architectures

Parallel computing has been a niche for scientific research in academia for decades. However, as common industrial applications become more and more performance demanding and raising the clock frequency of conventional single-core systems is hardly an option due to reaching technological limitations, efficient use of multi-core CPUs has become imperative. 3D surface analysis of objects using the white light interferometry presents one of such computationally challenging applications. In this article three established preprocessing methods of white light interferometry data analysis are used to evaluate the suitability of three modern multi-core architectures - generic multi-core CPUs, GPGPUs and IBM&#39;s Cell BE. The results show that function offloading to GPGPUs, which offer independent memory and many hundreds of threads running in parallel, yields the highest performance compared to other systems. Furthermore, by outsourcing computational tasks to GPUs, the workload of other system resources, such as CPU or system memory, is reduced. This allows accelerated execution of other tasks, e.g. acquisition of images with higher frame rates

Severe COVID-19 Is Marked by a Dysregulated Myeloid Cell Compartment

Schulte-Schrepping J, Reusch N, Paclik D, et al. Severe COVID-19 Is Marked by a Dysregulated Myeloid Cell Compartment. Cell. 2020;182(6):1419-1440.e23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a mild to moderate respiratory tract infection, however, a subset of patients progress to severe disease and respiratory failure. The mechanism of protective immunity in mild forms and the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 associated with increased neutrophil counts and dysregulated immune responses remain unclear. In a dual-center, two-cohort study, we combined single-cell RNA-sequencing and single-cell proteomics of whole-blood and peripheral-blood mononuclear cells to determine changes in immune cell composition and activation in mild versus severe COVID-19 (242 samples from 109 individuals) over time. HLA-DRhiCD11chi inflammatory monocytes with an interferon-stimulated gene signature were elevated in mild COVID-19. Severe COVID-19 was marked by occurrence of neutrophil precursors, as evidence of emergency myelopoiesis, dysfunctional mature neutrophils, and HLA-DRlo monocytes. Our study provides detailed insights into the systemic immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and reveals profound alterations in the myeloid cell compartment associated with severe COVID-19