Inflammatory and bone regulators expression in murine macrophages under exposure of commercial and experimental mineral trioxide aggregate

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Background: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been used in a variety of surgical and non-surgical endodontic applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gene expression and protein production of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6, as well as the gene expression of RANKL and OPG using both commercial and experimental MTA in macrophage cell cultures. Methods: Peritoneal macrophage cell culture was performed. Viability, gene expression of cytokines, RANKL and OPG, and protein levels in experimental- and commercial-grey MTA co-cultured with peritoneal macrophages was determined by tryptan blue, real time PCR and ELISA. Results: The expression of TNF-alpha for both commercial and experimental MTA was higher, while the expression of IL-1 beta and IL-6 was similar when compared to the negative control. At protein expression level, no differences were observed between the negative control and cements. RANKL did not show a significant improvement in gene expression when compared with the negative control, but OPG expression in cement samples was higher when compared to the negative control. Conclusions: This study suggests that commercial and experimental MTA promotes anti-inflammatory processes, as well as bone healing capacity.573284291Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP [07/58796-4, 07/56731-2

Mycobacteraemia among HIV-1-infected patients in São Paulo, Brazil: 1995 to 1998

From July 1995 to August 1998, mycobacterial blood Cultures were obtained from 1032 HIV-infected patients seen at the Centro de Referncia e Treinamento de AIDS (CRTA), Hospital São Paulo (HSP), and Centro de Referncia de AIDS de Santos (CRAS). Overall, 179 episodes of mycobacteraemia were detected: 111 (62.0%) at CRTA, 50 (27.9%) at LISP, and 18 (10.1%) at CRAS. the frequency of positive Cultures declined sharply from 22.6%, in 1995 to 6.9% in 1998, consistent with the decrease in opportunistic infections following the publicly funded distribution of highly active anti retroviral therapy. in 1995, mycobacteraemia was more frequently due to Mycobacterium avium complex (59.2%) than Mycobacterium tuberculosis (28.6%), whereas in 1998 the relative frequencies were reversed (28.6 vs. 64.3% respectively), probably justified by the increased virulence of M. tuberculosis and the greater risk of invasive infection in less-immunocompromised patients, including patients unaware they are infected with HIV.Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Ctr Biomed, BR-29040091 Vitoria, ES, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Infect Dis, São Paulo, BrazilInst Adolfo Lutz Registro, São Paulo, BrazilCtr Referencia & Treinamento AIDS, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Infect Dis, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc