The adoption of open sources within higher education in Europe : a dissemination case study

For some time now, the open-source (OS) phenomenon has been making its presence felt; disrupting the economics of the software industry and, by proxy, the business of education. A combination of the financial pressure Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) find themselves under and the increasing focus on the use of technology to enhance students' learning have encouraged many HEIs to look towards alternative approaches to teaching and learning. Meanwhile, the "OS" has challenged assumptions about how intellectual products are created and protected and has greatly increased the quantity and arguably the quality of educational technologies available to HEIs

Designing an expert knowledge-based Systemic Importance Index for financial institutions

Defining whether a financial institution is systemically important (or not) is challenging due to (i) the inevitability of combining complex importance criteria such as institutions’ size, connectedness and substitutability; (ii) the ambiguity of what an appropriate threshold for those criteria may be; and (iii) the involvement of expert knowledge as a key input for combining those criteria. The proposed method, a Fuzzy Logic Inference System, uses four key systemic importance indicators that capture institutions’ size, connectedness and substitutability, and a convenient deconstruction of expert knowledge to obtain a Systemic Importance Index. This method allows for combining dissimilar concepts in a non-linear, consistent and intuitive manner, whilst considering them as continuous –non binary- functions. Results reveal that the method imitates the way experts them-selves think about the decision process regarding what a systemically important financial institution is within the financial system under analysis. The Index is a comprehensive relative assessment of each financial institution’s systemic importance. It may serve financial authorities as a quantitative tool for focusing their attention and resources where the severity resulting from an institution failing or near-failing is estimated to be the greatest. It may also serve for enhanced policy-making (e.g. prudential regulation, oversight and supervision) and decision-making (e.g. resolving, restructuring or providing emergency liquidity).Systemic Importance, Systemic Risk, Fuzzy Logic, Approximate Reasoning, Too-connected-to-fail, Too-big-to-fail. Classification JEL: D85, C63, E58, G28.

Intergenerational Transmission of Human Capital in Brazil: Differences According to Race and Region

The main objective of the research is to analyze the relationship between human capital formation, and processes of economic growth and social development by exploring the use of the population's nutritional and health variables to assess the quality of human capital and the mechanisms through which this capital is transmitted between generations among people of different races living in different regions of Brazil. This research includes considerations on recent advances in the economic growth theory that relates health, human capital, and long-term economic growth (see Fogel, R.W. "The Impact of Nutrition on Economic Growth", July/2001.) The evidence is obtained from the analysis of an important Brazilian database, “Pesquisa de Padrão de Vidaâ€, the Brazilian version of the World Bank´s “Living Standard Measurement Surveyâ€, conducted between 1996 and 1997, for the Northeast and Southeast Regions. The model we developed has two phases. In phase one we verified the factors which explain the differences in human capital formation between races, using the region and the area where the person lived as control variables. This part of the study focuses on information pertaining to economically active individuals (people between 19 and 59 years-old, both genders)with the purpose to analyze the connection between individuals' health variables, such as height and health status, and socioeconomic variables, like income and educational attainment, In phase two, the factors that explain the differences in the intergenerational transmission of human capital among races, were determined; area (urban x rural) and region were used as control variables. This part of the study focuses on information pertaining to individuals belonging to the same group, with at least one child to raise (2 to 21 years-old, both genders) in order to evaluate the intergenerational transmission of human capital. Results lead to the conclusion that relevant investments in human capital formation, such as educational attainment, create better opportunities to the individual in terms of employment and income. Beyond these primary effects, however, there are secondary effects, mainly based on the transmission of human capital formation through generations, which result in population lifestyle changes, economic growth and development.

Political Institutions and Street Protests in Latin America

This paper argues that where institutions are strong, actors are more likely to participate in the political process through institutionalized arenas, while where they are weak, protests and other unconventional means of participation become more appealing. This relationship is explored empirically by combining country-level measures of institutional strength with individual-level information on protest participation in 17 Latin American countries. Evidence is found that weaker political institutions are associated with a higher propensity to use alternative means for expressing preferences, that is, to protest. Also found are interesting interactions between country-level institutional strength and some individual-level determinants of participation in protests.Political institutions, Public policies, Institutional strength, Protests, Alternative Political Technologies, Political party representation, Ideology, Ideological extremism, Latin America

Skewness in Financial Returns: Evidence from the Portuguese Stock Market (in English)

This paper addresses the issue of symmetry in financial returns. The return distributions of the major stocks traded on the Portuguese market and included in the PSI-20 Index are examined for periods from four to nine years. The results show that the symmetry of the returns is rejected against several alternative distributions. Statistically significant differences between returns below and above the mean are detected, which provides additional evidence of skewness in the return distributions. In addition, as observed in other studies, it is interesting to note that such results are similar to other low-capitalization and low-volume markets, which also exhibit asymmetric return distributions.stock markets, skewness, financial returns

Using the Asymmetric Trimmed Mean as a Core Inflation Indicator

This paper discusses the use of the trimmed mean as a core inflation indicator when the price changes distribution is fat tailed and asymmetric and computes several asymmetric trimmed means that meet all the conditions suggested in Marques et al. (2000). It turns out that the 10 per cent trimmed mean centred on the 51.5th percentile is the one with the lowest volatility and so, its use, as a core inflation indicator, is recommended.

Statue habit and statue culture in late antique Rome

The statue habit was a defining characteristic of classical cities, and its demise in late antiquity has recently attracted great scholarly attention. This article analyzes this process by focusing on the city of Rome, an exceptionally well-documented case, charting the decline and abandonment of the practice of setting up free-standing statues between the end of the 3rd and the middle of the 6th c. CE. Focusing on the epigraphic evidence for new dedications, it discusses the nature of the habit in late antique Rome, in terms of its differences and continuities with earlier periods. It will then analyze the quantitative evolution of the habit, suggesting that its end was associated with deeper transformations in its dynamic. The final section examines the broader significance of setting up statues in late antique Rome, arguing that the decline of the statue habit must be understood in the context of a new statue culture that saw statue dedications in an antiquarian light, rather than as part of an organic honorific language.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Urban expansion and the formation of technogenic deposits in tropical areas: The case of Araguaína city

Technogenic deposits are formed with the materials produced by the human activity and direct or indirect deposition of sediments resulting in artificial bodies with an own dynamic in each environment. Among the problems, the formation and expansion of the technogenic deposits in the Araguaína city, north of Tocantins state (Brazil), may be subject to the economic cycles and technogenic resources in the last decades. The present study aims at two main aspects, at first a short discussion about the technogenic deposits worldwide will be made and then our aim will be analyzing will be made about the different types of inorganic, chemical, organic and terrigenous deposits in different environments: terrestrial, fluvial and lagoon. The applied methodology was based on the review of the literature, characterization of the study area and urban expansion, identification of satellite images and the structural and morphologic characterization of the technogenic materials. The results point at the link between the types of materials and phases of urban expansion, which mean that the deposits have a higher concentration of organic material and dominance of inorganic materials. Due to the necessity of adjusting the relief and soil for the construction, some areas suffered severe topographic changes and great deposition of technogenic materials. The future perspectives, based on the present conditions, indicate an increasing number and variety of technogenic deposits in some study area