Advanced mineral carbonation: An approach to accelerate CO\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e sequestration using steel production wastes and integrated fluidized bed reactor

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019. Industrial pollution is the major source of global warming through emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG’s) like CO2, CH4, and NO2, causing noticeable increasing in the world’s temperature. Mineral carbonation is a method of carbon capture and storage (CCS) through which CO2 is sequestered with advantage of permanent sequestration and no need for post-storage surveillance and monitoring through stabilizing the reactive mineral wastes released from metal industries. This paper applied a simple and an inexpensive hydration process as a pre-treatment step for the carbonation of Ladle Furnace (LF) slag, one of the steel production by-products in UAE, followed by direct gas-solid carbonation in a new designed integrated fluidized bed reactor (FBR). About (10–15)% by weight of produced steel, alkaline solid residues were generated, based on the characteristics of the manufacturing process. The integrated FBR was designed to control the flow rate up to 50 l/min with step accuracy of 0.1 l/min, and temperature up to 200 °C through a double jacket electrical heater. Operating pressure can be adjusted up to 6 bars. All parameters are monitored by SCADA system. A mixture gas of 10% CO2, balanced with air, was used to perform the carbonation process and evaluation the carbonation efficiency as well. A gas analyzer installed at the outlet of FBR was used to measure unreacted CO2 gas after leaving the reactor, and calculate the amount of CO2 captured accordingly. Results of analytical techniques like TGA and XRD emphasized the sequestration of CO2 and show a high efficient carbonation process

Gas capture processes

Copyright © 2020 by the authors. The increasing trends in gas emissions have had direct adverse impacts on human health and ecological habitats in the world. A variety of technologies have been deployed to mitigate the release of such gases, including CO2, CO, SO2, H2S, NOx and H2. This special issue on gas-capture processes collects 25 review and research papers on the applications of novel techniques, processes, and theories in gas capture and removal

Recalibration of carbon-free NH3/H2 fuel blend process: Qatar's roadmap for blue ammonia

Due to growing concerns about carbon emissions, using zero-carbon fuels has become an interesting alternative to overcome this problem. The NH3(70%)-H2(30%) fuel blend is an innovative fuel example that has the potential to replace conventional hydrocarbon fuels. Studies on the NH3(70%)-H2(30%) fuel blend have shown its superior combustion performance and its effect on enhancing cycle efficiency compared to other compositions of the NH3–H2 blends. However, without calibrating ammonia plants and simply mixing portions of the produced pure ammonia to hydrogen at the desired molar fraction essentially requires coupling ammonia plants with other hydrogen-producing plants, leading to potential difficulties in commercializing the unused (as fuel in the NH3–H2/air gas turbines) hydrogen portions from the hydrogen-producing plan. Therefore, in this paper, as an attempt to utilize the existing ammonia production infrastructure and facility without acquiring major changes that could lead to resisting the adoption of the NH3(70%)-H2(30%) fuel blend, the independent parameters of a conventional ammonia plant have been calibrated, and the reactors have been sized to provide a continuous supply of the NH3(70%)-H2(30%) fuel blend with the exact molar fraction to run a power plant. Calibrating of the ammonia plant has been performed using an ASPEN PLUS model