Nematódeos resistentes a anti-helmíntico em rebanhos de ovinos e caprinos do estado do Ceará, Brasil.

Resumo: O controle do parasitismo por nematódeos gastrintestinais é feito basicamente com a utilização de anti-helmínticos. Falhas no controle são o primeiro sinal do aparecimento de resistência anti-helmíntica. A real situação da prevalência da resistência anti-helmíntica, em fazendas comerciais de criação de ovinos e caprinos no Brasil, é desconhecida. Esse experimento teve como objetivo, estimar a ocorrência de resistência ao oxfendazol, levamisol e ivermectina em propriedades comerciais de criação de ovinos e caprinos, na região do médio e baixo Jaguaribe, através do teste de redução na contagem de ovos nas fezes acompanhados de coproculturas. O trabalho foi realizado em 25 criações, sendo 16 de ovinos, 7 de caprinos e uma de ovinos e caprinos. Os dados obtidos foram analisados pelo programa estatístico RESO (1989). A prevalência de nematódeos resistentes ao oxfendazol, levamisol e ivermectina em ovinos foi de 88%, 41% e 59%, e em caprinos de 87,5%, 75% e 37,5%, respectivamente. Observou-se que o gênero Haemonchus foi o mais prevalente na população resistente a todos os anti-helmínticos, tanto em ovinos quanto em caprinos, seguido de Trichostrongylus e Oesophagostomum. [Nematodes resistant to anthelmintics in sheep and goat flock in the State of Ceará, Brazil]. ABSTRACT - The control of gastrointestinal nematodes parasitism is made basically with anthelmintics. Control failure is the first sign of anthelmintic resistance development. The actual situation of anthelmintic resistance prevalence in commercial farms of sheep and goats in Brazil is unknown. The aim of this work was to estimate the occurrence of oxfendazole, levamisole and ivermectin resistance in sheep and goats from medio and baixo Jaguaribe region by faecal egg count reduction followed by coprocultures. The work involved 25 farms (16 sheep farms, 7 goat farms and one of sheep and goats). Data were analysed by RESO (1989). The prevalence of resistant nematodes to oxfendazole, levamisole and ivermectin was respectively 88%, 41% and 59% in sheep and 87.5%, 75% and 37.5%, in goats. Haemonchus was the most prevalent genus in the resistant population to all anthelmintics in sheep and goats, followed by Trichostrongylus and Oesophagostomum

Fate of protozoa during the start-up of a sequencing batch biofilm reactor used for the degradation of hydrocarbons

Large amounts of oily sludges are retained in patrol stations by gravity interceptors in order to prevent their discharge in surface waters. Those residues are mainly composed of a mixture of hydrocarbons, water and inert solids. Therefore, their final disposal represents a significant environmental problem. This work concerns the study of microfauna biomass during the start-up of a SBBR designed for the treatment of hydrocarbon slurries retained in an API oil separator. The findings of this study suggest that protozoal colonization of the SBBR followed the same pattern of activated sludge systems, the free swimming and crawling ciliates, and also fagellates being the dominant protozoa group during the star-up period of the reactor. When the plant performance dropped, the number of flagellated protozoa rapidly increased, and a concomitant decrease in the ciliated population was observed.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)

Effect of the surfactants tween 20 and CTAB on fluoranthene and anthracene degradation by P. putida

The effect of a nonionic and a cationic surfactant, Tween 20 and CTAB, on the biodegradation rate of fluoranthene and anthracene by a P. putida strain was investigated. Tween 20 had a positive effect on the biodegradation rate of anthracene. However, it did not affect significantly fluoranthene oxidation. The cationic surfactant CTAB inhibited the oxidation of both PAHs, fluoranthene and anthracene

Common bean grain yield as affected by sulfur fertilization and cultivars.

Produtividade de grãos do feijoeiro comum em função da adubação com enxofre e cultivares A melhor compreensão do crescimento diferencial de cultivares de feijoeiro comum com o aumento da disponibilida- de de enxofre (S) no solo pode indicar como melhorar a produtividade de grãos do feijoeiro comum em solos do Cerrado. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta de cultivares de feijoeiro comum, sob irrigação, ao enxofre, no sistema plantio direto. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com doses de enxofre (0, 10, 20, 40 e 60 kg ha-¹) como parcelas e cultivares de feijoeiro comum (BRS Requinte, BRS Cometa, Diamante Negro, BRS Grafite, BRS Valente e Corrente) como subparcelas, com três repetições. As cultivares de feijoeiro não diferiram quanto à resposta da produtividade de grãos às doses de enxofre, a qual se ajustou a uma equação quadrática. Entre as cultivares testadas, somente a BRS Requinte e a BRS Valente diferiram quanto à produtividade de grãos para a adubação com S, sendo a primeira mais produtiva. A adubação com enxofre proporciona aumentos significativos na produtividade de grãos do feijoeiro comum na média de seis cultivares e deve ser considerada em sistemas de cultivo visando elevadas produtividades

Vortices in vibrated granular rods

We report the experimental observation of novel vortex patterns in vertically vibrated granular rods. Above a critical packing fraction, moving ordered domains of nearly vertical rods spontaneously form and coexist with horizontal rods. The domains of vertical rods coarsen in time to form large vortices. We investigate the conditions under which the vortices occur by varying the number of rods, vibration amplitude and frequency. The size of the vortices increases with the number of rods. We characterize the growth of the ordered domains by measuring the area fraction of the ordered regions as a function of time. A {\em void filling} model is presented to describe the nucleation and growth of the vertical domains. We track the ends of the vertical rods and obtain the velocity fields of the vortices. The rotation speed of the rods is observed to depend on the vibration velocity of the container and on the packing. To investigate the impact of the direction of driving on the observed phenomena, we performed experiments with the container vibrated horizontally. Although vertical domains form, vortices are not observed. We therefore argue that the motion is generated due to the interaction of the inclination of the rods with the bottom of a vertically vibrated container. We also perform simple experiments with a single row of rods in an annulus. These experiments directly demonstrate that the rod motion is generated when the rods are inclined from the vertical, and is always in the direction of the inclination.Comment: 6 pages, 10 figure, 2 movies at http://physics.clarku.edu/vortex uses revtex