Abortion and Family Planning

Abortion, a procedure by which the dead fetus is removed from the maternal organism and considered as a cultural trait, is found in all cultures of developed societies, as well as in the populations of aboriginal peoples. Moreover, it has long been a concern that has drawn social attention. It was only after in 1798, that the attention was drawn to the relationship between population and the production of goods. This concern has been accentuated by the birth rate and the longevity of human being. Abortion has undoubtedly interfered with population growth, the restriction of abortion advocated for human rights, or religious or economics reasons or by others. Family planning is a set of actions that help men and women plan for the arrival of their children, as well as prevent unwanted pregnancies. It is a project for couples to have offspring per their intentions and also the increase in world population that is worrying everyone has a decrease. For this, the Control of Birth is the method proposed to contain pregnancy. Abortion should only be recommended when a woman cannot or does not wish to give birth to a child or when the method used to control pregnancy has failed

Provoked Abortion

The provoked abortion is seen in many different ways in various countries. The woman that is supposed to be the main character of unfolding this procedure is usually unable to request it. The doctor that should be focused on doing the diagnosis about what the patient really wants for herself is also unable to do it, even if it is the best way to treat the situation. The values of different cultures act as impediments through laws that are oriented by religious beliefs and moral definitions leading to difficulties in the abortion scenario. Some facts are quite clear relating the woman and the doctor, who are the characters on this medical action, and that many times these are stopped or punished when they decide for themselves about abortion. The chapter intends to discuss the problem in many of countries of different continents, which focus the position of the doctor

Estudo médico-social dos fatores contribuintes para os acidentes das aeronaves executivas convencionais registrados entre 1971 e 1975, no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil: I - Época e hora da ocorrência e principal fator contribuinte

Studying the aircraft accidents occurred with light planes during the period of 1971 to 1975 in the area of the IV Comar in the State of S. Paulo, Brazil, several factors related with accidents were analyzed. Among these the month and hour of the occurrence and the principal factor that contributed to the accident were studied. It was found that the majorit of the aircraft accidents occurred from 2 P.M. to 6 P.M. and that the main factor that contributed to the occurrence of the accidents was linked with the pilots' attitudes. It was not possible to establish an association of the accident with the month of occurrence.Em estudo sobre os acidentes aeronáuticos ocorridos de 1971 à 1975 com aeronaves executivas convencionais na área do IV Comando Aéreo Regional, foram analisados diversos fatores contribuintes para esse fato. Foram examinados a época da ocorrência e o principal fator contribuinte, concluindo-se que o período do dia em que se verificou maior número de acidentes foi à tarde entre 14 e 18 h., e que o fator operacional, devido ao piloto, está associado estatisticamente com a ocorrência dos acidentes. Não foi possível comprovar maior índice de ocorrência de acidentes com referência aos meses do ano

Aumento do poder discriminatório de indicadores de saúde (coeficientes de mortalidade geral e mortalidade infantil)

A study was made to demonstrate the increase of the discriminative power of two sanitary rates which are most easily calculated in all areas of the world: the general mortality rate and the infantile mortality rate. The manner to obtain this increase of discriminatory power consists in calculating the difference between the infantile mortality rate and the general mortality rate. Statistically analysed and taking into consideration data from developed countries and those undergoing development during the same period, as well as throughout different periods, this difference was more discriminatory than any of the two separately and when used together with one or both, the power of discrimination is increased significantly.Foi feito estudo demonstrando o aumento do poder discriminatório dos dois coeficientes sanitários mais facilmente calculados em todas as áreas do mundo: o coeficiente de mortalidade geral e o coeficiente da mortalidade infantil. A maneira de se obter esse aumento do poder discriminatório consiste em se calcular a diferença entre estes dois coeficientes de mortalidade. Analisada estatisticamente, usando dados de países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento na mesma época e em épocas diversas, essa diferença demonstrou ser mais discriminatória que qualquer um dos dois isoladamente e quando usada juntamente com um dos dois ou com ambos aumenta significativamente o poder de discriminação

Opinião de médicos brasileiros sobre fecundação artificial do ponto de vista ético

An ethical opinion survey was carried out among Brazilian physicians regarding artificial insemination. The results showed no statistical difference between opinions of physicians from the various regions of the country.Foi realizado levantamento da opinião dos médicos que compareceram ao "XIV Congresso Brasileiro de Reprodução Humana", sob o ponto de vista ético, a respeito da fecundação artificial. Foram analisados os resultados, chegando-se a selecionar alguns itens comportamentais como preliminarmente aceitos. Propõe-se a realização de estudos mais profundos que objetivam abordar os vários aspectos aceitos ou não pela sociedade

Levantamento de condições de saúde de alunos dos estabelecimentos de ensino primário da Secretaria dos Negócios da Educação do Governo do Estado, no município de São Paulo Brasil

A survey about the health conditions of the elementary schools children of São Paulo City, was realized. The sample students were submitted to general and specialized physical examinations and to parasitological examination of feces. Tables of height and weight of boys and girls, aged 7-14 years, were built based on the general physical examination data. The results of the physical specialized examinations were compared with bibliographical data, whenever existed. About feces examinations, 89,4% of the school children selected presented parasites. At 1% of significance level, it was possible to accept that there was correlation between lackness of sanitation in the school children houses and the presence of intestinal parasites in the feces examination.Fez-se um levantamento das condições de saúde de escolares primários do município de São Paulo. Nos alunos componentes da amostra foram realizados os seguintes exames: exame físico geral; exame físico especial; exame de fezes. Os resultados obtidos no exame físico geral permitiram construir tabelas de peso e altura para crianças de ambos os sexos, de 7 a 14 anos. Foi verificada a presença de parasitoses intestinais em 89,4% dos escolares examinados. Concluiu-se que, ao nível de significância de 1%, existe associação entre ausência de saneamento básico nas residências dos escolares e a presença de parasitos intestinais nos exames de fezes