SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL STATUS OF POLLUTION IN A PERENNIAL SUB URBAN LENTIC ECOSYSTEM

The fluctuations in the physico-chemical parameters of water and heavy metal profile of sediment of Akulam Lake, Kerala were studied. The results clearly revealed the fact that the lake is facing pollution with high values of turbidity and B.O.D. The monsoon water dissolves the heavy metals in it and showed lower values of heavy metals when compared to pre-monsoon values

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THREE PERCIFORME FISHES FROM THE SOUTH WEST COAST OF INDIA

Accurate information about the nutritive value of the fish is essential for selection for consumption and commerce. This study attempts to evaluate the biochemical composition of three Perciformes fishes which commonly occur in the south west coastal landings. Muscle tissue of Terapon jarbua, Pristipom a maculatum and Terapon quadrilineatus were subjected to analysis of protein, carbohydrate, lipid, moisture and ash. The statistical significance of mean difference of parameters was tested. Among these three fishes, T. jarbua possesses the highest lipid (2.99 + 0.01) and ash content (1.41 + 0.06). This indicates the nutritional value of T. jarbua in relation to the presence of fatty acids and minerals. P. maculatum has the highest protein (11.63 + 0.09) and carbohydrate content (10.90 + 0.06). T. quadrilineatus shows significantly higher moisture content (79.27 = 0.03). This evaluation helps to update the fish nutrition database and is also useful for the right choice of fish for consumption

INFLUENCE OF AGUATIC MACROPHYTE AND MICROBIAL SILAGE ON THE GROWTH AND CONVERSION EFFICIENCY OF OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS (PETERS)

The aquatic weeds like Eichhornia sp. and Pistia sp. were tested as feed staffs to replace fish meal in the artificial diet of the fish Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters). Both powdered form and microbial enriched silage were tested. The results showed significant growth, better conversion efficiency, high protein content in the fish than those fed on control diet. It is suggested that the aquatic macrophyte can replace the costly fish meal to a certain possible extent in the formulated diets. &nbsp

CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA, A PROMISING FEED ADDITIVE IN THE NUTRITION OF ORNAMENTAL FISH, KOI CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO VAR. KOI).

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of Calotropis gigantea incorporated diet on the growth performance and protein content of Ornamental fish, Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) fingerlings. 60 fingerlings were equally distributed in to six experimental troughs. Test feed (D2) was prepared by replacing 25% of fishmeal with C. gigantea leaf powder and one control feed (D1) without plant powder. Fish were fed (a) of 5% of their wet body weight twice a day at 12 hours interval for 8 weeks. Fish growth parameters (length and weight) were taken every 15 days. The data were statistically analyzed using student's t-test. Results showed that, most of the growth parameters assessed showed significantly better values (p<0.05) in fish fed with D2 when compared with D1. The study indicated that, the C. gigantea incorporated feed can be used by replacing fishmeal still their efficacy need to be improved in future at farm level

Molecular pathogenicity of 1-nonadecene and l-lactic acid, unique metabolites in radicular cysts and periapical granulomas

Abstract Recently, 1-nonadecene and l-lactic acid were identified as unique metabolites in radicular cysts and periapical granuloma, respectively. However, the biological roles of these metabolites were unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the inflammatory and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) effects of 1-nonadecene, and the inflammatory and collagen precipitation effects of l-lactic acid on both periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PdLFs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PdLFs and PBMCs were treated with 1-nonadecene and l-lactic acid. Cytokines’ expression was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and macrophage polarization markers were measured using flow cytometry. The collagen, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and released cytokines were measured using collagen assay, western blot, and Luminex assay, respectively. In PdLFs, 1-nonadecene enhances inflammation through the upregulation of some inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12A, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) α. 1-Nonadecene also induced MET through the upregulation of E-cadherin and the downregulation of N-cadherin in PdLFs. 1-Nonadecene polarized macrophages to a pro-inflammatory phenotype and suppressed their cytokines’ release. l-lactic acid exerted a differential impact on the inflammation and proliferation markers. Intriguingly, l-lactic acid induced fibrosis-like effects by enhancing collagen synthesis, while inhibiting MMP-1 release in PdLFs. These results provide a deeper understanding of 1-nonadecene and l-lactic acid’s roles in modulating the microenvironment of the periapical area. Consequently, further clinical investigation can be employed for target therapy